Analytical review of the wear resistance of CBN tools in face milling of hardened steels

Abstract

The article presents a detailed analytical review of the wear resistance of cubic boron nitride (CBN) tools in face milling of hardened steels. The main factors affecting tool wear, including cutting speed, feed, tool geometry, and thermal regime of processing, are considered. Special attention is given to the analysis of wear mechanisms such as abrasive, adhesive, and diffusion wear, and their impact on performance and machining quality. Abrasive wear occurs due to mechanical friction between the tool and the workpiece, leading to gradual material removal from the tool surface. Adhesive wear happens due to the sticking of tool and workpiece materials, resulting in micro-welds and subsequent particle detachment. Diffusion wear is caused by high temperatures in the cutting zone, leading to atom diffusion between the tool and workpiece, changing the chemical composition and structure of the tool. The article also compares the wear resistance of CBN tools with other materials such as carbides and ceramics to determine their advantages and disadvantages under different machining conditions. Experimental research results are presented, demonstrating the impact of various cutting regimes on the wear of CBN tools, along with recommendations for optimizing these regimes to enhance tool longevity. Additionally, the influence of the microstructure of hardened steels on the tool wear process is discussed, and methods for improving wear resistance through tool surface modification are proposed. The obtained data can be useful for engineers and researchers in the field of machining hardened steels, as well as for developers of new tool materials.

Keywords

• face milling
• cubic boron nitride
• hardened steel
• wear mechanisms
• wear resistanceface milling
• wear resistance