A Comparison of Selected Biochemical and Physical Characteristics and Yielding of Fruits in Apple Cultivars (<i>Malus domestica</i> Borkh.)
Hong-Ki Yoon,
Tomasz Kleiber,
Zofia Zydlik,
Krzysztof Rutkowski,
Agnieszka Woźniak,
Sławomir Świerczyński,
Waldemar Bednarski,
Jacek Kęsy,
Łukasz Marczak,
Jong-Hak Seo,
Choi Taeg-Yong,
Kyeong-Jin Kang,
Neisbe Ebru Kafkas,
Jan Bocianowski,
Philippe Jeandet,
Iwona Morkunas
Affiliations
Hong-Ki Yoon
Chungcheongnam-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Research Division for Horticulture, 167, Chusa-ro, Shinam-myeon, Yesan-gun, Chungcheongnam-do 32418, Korea
Tomasz Kleiber
Department of Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-624 Poznań, Poland
Zofia Zydlik
Department of Dendrology, Pomology and Nursery Production, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Dąbrowskiego 159, 60-594 Poznań, Poland
Krzysztof Rutkowski
Department of Dendrology, Pomology and Nursery Production, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Dąbrowskiego 159, 60-594 Poznań, Poland
Agnieszka Woźniak
Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
Sławomir Świerczyński
Department of Dendrology, Pomology and Nursery Production, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Dąbrowskiego 159, 60-594 Poznań, Poland
Waldemar Bednarski
Institute of Molecular Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smoluchowskiego 17, 60-179 Poznań, Poland
Jacek Kęsy
Chair of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 9, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
Łukasz Marczak
Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12/14, 61-704 Poznań, Poland
Jong-Hak Seo
Chungcheongnam-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Research Division for Horticulture, 167, Chusa-ro, Shinam-myeon, Yesan-gun, Chungcheongnam-do 32418, Korea
Choi Taeg-Yong
Chungcheongnam-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Research Division for Horticulture, 167, Chusa-ro, Shinam-myeon, Yesan-gun, Chungcheongnam-do 32418, Korea
Kyeong-Jin Kang
Chungcheongnam-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services, Research Division for Horticulture, 167, Chusa-ro, Shinam-myeon, Yesan-gun, Chungcheongnam-do 32418, Korea
Neisbe Ebru Kafkas
Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Cukurova, Balcalı, 01380, Adana, Turkey
Jan Bocianowski
Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
Philippe Jeandet
Research Unit “Induced Resistance and Plant Bioprotection”, UPRES EA 4707, Department of Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Reims, P.O. Box 1039, 02 51687 Reims CEDEX, France
Iwona Morkunas
Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
The aim of the research was to determine selected biochemical and physical characteristics and yielding of fruits in apple varieties (Malus domestica Borkh) such as Gala Schniga, Beni Shogun (Fuji) and Ligol, M.9 rootstock growing in the Wielkopolska region, Poland. high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis revealed differences both in the profile and contents of soluble sugars and other metabolites detected in fruits of the tested apple varieties. The highest total saccharide content was found in fruits of cv. Gala Schniga, while leaves and shoots of this variety showed the lowest contents. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy revealed the lowest contents of semiquinone radicals in apple fruits and the highest in leaves of apple trees. All organs of Schniga Gala apple trees were characterized by the highest levels of these radicals. Besides, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of abscisic acid (ABA) revealed the highest levels of this molecule in shoots of apple trees, especially the Beni Shogun variety, while in fruits the levels were the lowest. Ligol fruits had the highest content of ABA. The percentage of injury observed after a low-temperature treatment and estimated on the basis of electrolyte leakage, was shown to be the lowest in fruits of the Beni Shogun variety. In turn, the lowest average yield of apple fruits was recorded for the Ligol and Fuji varieties, with the highest in the case of the Gala Schniga variety. At the same time, a significant variability in the average weight of fruits was observed; the highest average mass of fruits was recorded for the Ligol variety, while it was lowest for Gala Schniga. Additionally, firmness evaluation of the fruits revealed that the firmest fruits were harvested from Gala apple trees, before the Beni Shogun and Ligol varieties. A significant variability was recorded in the red blush on fruit surfaces of the tested varieties, with Ligol fruits having the weakest blush. Altogether, these results indicate that fruits of the analyzed apple varieties differed both in terms of their biochemical composition and physical characteristics.
