Combining Deep Learning with Single-Spectrum UV Imaging for Rapid Detection of HNSs Spills

Abstract

Vital transportation of hazardous and noxious substances (HNSs) by sea occasionally suffers spill incidents causing perilous mutilations to off-shore and on-shore ecology. Consequently, it is essential to monitor the spilled HNSs rapidly and mitigate the damages in time. Focusing on on-site and early processing, this paper explores the potential of deep learning and single-spectrum ultraviolet imaging (UV) for detecting HNSs spills. Images of three floating HNSs, including benzene, xylene, and palm oil, captured in different natural and artificial aquatic sites were collected. The image dataset involved UV (at 365 nm) and RGB images for training and comparative analysis of the detection system. The You Only Look Once (YOLOv3) deep learning model is modified to balance the higher accuracy and swift detection. With the MobileNetv2 backbone architecture and generalized intersection over union (GIoU) loss function, the model achieved mean IoU values of 86.57% for UV and 82.43% for RGB images. The model yielded a mean average precision (mAP) of 86.89% and 72.40% for UV and RGB images, respectively. The average speed of 57 frames per second (fps) and average detection time of 0.0119 s per image validated the swift performance of the proposed model. The modified deep learning model combined with UV imaging is considered computationally cost-effective resulting in precise detection accuracy and significantly faster detection speed.

Keywords

• hazardous and noxious substances
• marine pollution
• spectral imaging
• deep learning
• YOLO
• image processing