Cancer Medicine (Jul 2022)
Characteristics of anal canal cancer in Japan
- Kazutaka Yamada,
- Yasumitsu Saiki,
- Koji Komori,
- Akio Shiomi,
- Masashi Ueno,
- Masaaki Ito,
- Koya Hida,
- Seiichiro Yamamoto,
- Manabu Shiozawa,
- Soichiro Ishihara,
- Yukihide Kanemitsu,
- Hideki Ueno,
- Tatsuya Kinjo,
- Kotaro Maeda,
- Junichiro Kawamura,
- Fumihiko Fujita,
- Keiichi Takahashi,
- Tsunekazu Mizushima,
- Yasuhiro Shimada,
- Shin Sasaki,
- Eiji Sunami,
- Fumio Ishida,
- Keiji Hirata,
- Shinobu Ohnuma,
- Kimihiko Funahashi,
- Jun Watanabe,
- Yusuke Kinugasa,
- Shigeki Yamaguchi,
- Yojiro Hashiguchi,
- Masataka Ikeda,
- Takeshi Sudo,
- Yoshito Komatsu,
- Keiji Koda,
- Kazuhiro Sakamoto,
- Masazumi Okajima,
- Hideyuki Ishida,
- Yuichi Hisamatsu,
- Taiki Masuda,
- Shinichiro Mori,
- Kazuhito Minami,
- Seiji Hasegawa,
- Shungo Endo,
- Akinori Iwashita,
- Madoka Hamada,
- Yoichi Ajioka,
- Koichiro Usuku,
- Tokunori Ikeda,
- Kenichi Sugihara
Affiliations
- Kazutaka Yamada
- Department of Surgery Coloproctology Center Takano Hospital Kumamoto Japan
- Yasumitsu Saiki
- Department of Surgery Coloproctology Center Takano Hospital Kumamoto Japan
- Koji Komori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Aichi Cancer Center Hospital Aichi Japan
- Akio Shiomi
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital Shizuoka Japan
- Masashi Ueno
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research Tokyo Japan
- Masaaki Ito
- Department of Colorectal Surgery National Cancer Center Hospital East Chiba Japan
- Koya Hida
- Department of Surgery Kyoto University Hospital Kyoto Japan
- Seiichiro Yamamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Tokai University School of Medicine Kanagawa Japan
- Manabu Shiozawa
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Kanagawa Cancer Center Kanagawa Japan
- Soichiro Ishihara
- Department of Surgical Oncology The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
- Yukihide Kanemitsu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery National Cancer Center Hospital Tokyo Japan
- Hideki Ueno
- Department of Surgery National Defense Medical College Saitama Japan
- Tatsuya Kinjo
- Department of Digestive and General Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine University of Ryukyus Okinawa Japan
- Kotaro Maeda
- International Medical Center Fujita Health University Hospital Aichi Japan
- Junichiro Kawamura
- Department of Surgery Kindai University Faculty of Medicine Osaka Japan
- Fumihiko Fujita
- Department of Surgery Kurume University School of Medicine Fukuoka Japan
- Keiichi Takahashi
- Department of Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital Tokyo Japan
- Tsunekazu Mizushima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine Osaka University Osaka Japan
- Yasuhiro Shimada
- Department of Clinical Oncology Kochi Health Sciences Center Kochi Japan
- Shin Sasaki
- Department of Coloproctological Surgery Japanese Red Cross Medical Center Tokyo Japan
- Eiji Sunami
- Department of Surgery Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine Tokyo Japan
- Fumio Ishida
- Digestive Disease Center Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital Kanagawa Japan
- Keiji Hirata
- Department of Surgery1, School of Medicine University of Occupational and Environmental Health Fukuoka Japan
- Shinobu Ohnuma
- Department of Surgery Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Miyagi Japan
- Kimihiko Funahashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Toho University Omori Medical Center Tokyo Japan
- Jun Watanabe
- Department of Surgery, Gastroenterological Center Yokohama City University Medical Center Kanagawa Japan
- Yusuke Kinugasa
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Tokyo Medical and Dental University Tokyo Japan
- Shigeki Yamaguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Saitama Medical University International Medical Center Saitama Japan
- Yojiro Hashiguchi
- Department of Surgery Teikyo University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
- Masataka Ikeda
- Division of Lower Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery Hyogo College of Medicine Hyogo Japan
- Takeshi Sudo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Yamagata Prefectural Central Hospital Yamagata Japan
- Yoshito Komatsu
- Department of Cancer Center Hokkaido University Hospital Hokkaido Japan
- Keiji Koda
- Department of Surgery Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center Chiba Japan
- Kazuhiro Sakamoto
- Department of Coloproctological Surgery Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine Tokyo Japan
- Masazumi Okajima
- Department of Surgery Hiroshima City Hiroshima Citizens Hospital Hiroshima Japan
- Hideyuki Ishida
- Department of Digestive Tract and General Surgery, Saitama Medical Center Saitama Medical University Saitama Japan
- Yuichi Hisamatsu
- Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences Kyushu University Fukuoka Japan
- Taiki Masuda
- Department of Surgery Tokyo Metropolitan Hiroo Hospital Tokyo Japan
- Shinichiro Mori
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine and Dental Sciences Kagoshima University Kagoshima Japan
- Kazuhito Minami
- Department of Surgery Matsuyama Red Cross Hospital Ehime Japan
- Seiji Hasegawa
- Department of Surgery Saiseikai Yokohamashi Nanbu Hospital Kanagawa Japan
- Shungo Endo
- Department of Coloproctology, Aizu Medical Center Fukushima Medical University Fukushima Japan
- Akinori Iwashita
- Department of Pathology Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital Fukuoka Japan
- Madoka Hamada
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery Kansai Medical University Hospital Osaka Japan
- Yoichi Ajioka
- Division of Molecular and Diagnostic Pathology Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Niigata Japan
- Koichiro Usuku
- Department of Medical Information Sciences and Administration Planning Kumamoto University Hospital Kumamoto Japan
- Tokunori Ikeda
- Department of Medical Information Sciences and Administration Planning Kumamoto University Hospital Kumamoto Japan
- Kenichi Sugihara
- Tokyo Medical and Dental University Tokyo Japan
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.4631
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 11,
no. 14
pp. 2735 – 2743
Abstract
Abstract Anal canal cancer (ACC) has been reported to be an uncommon cancer in Japan, as in the USA, Europe, and Australia. This retrospective multi‐institutional study was conducted to clarify the characteristics of ACC in Japan. First, the histological ACC type cases treated between 1991 and 2015 were collected. A detailed analysis of the characteristics of anal canal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cases was then conducted. The results of the histological types revealed that of the 1781 ACC cases, 435 cases (24.4%) including seven cases of adenosquamous cell carcinomas were SCC and 1260 cases (70.7%) were adenocarcinoma. However, the most common histological type reported in the USA, Europe, and Australia is SCC. Most ACC cases are adenocarcinomas and there is a low incidence of SCC in Japan which is different from the above‐mentioned countries. Moreover, we reclassified T4 into the following two groups based on tumor size: T4a (tumor diameter of 5 cm or less) and T4b (tumor diameter of more than 5 cm). The results of the TNM classification of SCC revealed that the hazard ratio (HR) to T1 of T2, T3, T4a, and T4b was 2.45, 2.28, 2.89, and 4.97, respectively. As T4b cases had a worse prognosis than T4a cases, we propose that T4 for anal canal SCC in Japan be subclassified into T4a and T4b.
Keywords
- abdominoperineal resection
- anal canal cancer
- chemoradiotherapy
- human papillomavirus
- squamous cell carcinoma
