Effect of Radiant Catalytic Ionization and Ozonation on <i>Salmonella</i> spp. on Eggshells
Katarzyna Grudlewska-Buda,
Natalia Wiktorczyk-Kapischke,
Ewa Wałecka-Zacharska,
Joanna Kwiecińska-Piróg,
Grzegorz Gryń,
Karolina Jadwiga Skowron,
Jakub Korkus,
Eugenia Gospodarek-Komkowka,
Jarosław Bystroń,
Anna Budzyńska,
Stefan Kruszewski,
Zbigniew Paluszak,
Małgorzata Andrzejewska,
Monika Wilk,
Krzysztof Skowron
Affiliations
Katarzyna Grudlewska-Buda
Department of Microbiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
Natalia Wiktorczyk-Kapischke
Department of Microbiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
Ewa Wałecka-Zacharska
Department of Food Hygiene and Consumer Health, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
Joanna Kwiecińska-Piróg
Department of Microbiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
Grzegorz Gryń
Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute–National Research Institute, 85-090 Bydgoszcz, Poland
Karolina Jadwiga Skowron
Institute of Telecommunications and Computer Science, Jan and Jędrzej Śniadecki University of Technology in Bydgoszcz, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
Jakub Korkus
Department of Food Hygiene and Consumer Health, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
Eugenia Gospodarek-Komkowka
Department of Microbiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
Jarosław Bystroń
Department of Food Hygiene and Consumer Health, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland
Anna Budzyńska
Department of Microbiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
Stefan Kruszewski
Biophysics Department, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, 85-067 Bydgoszcz, Poland
Zbigniew Paluszak
Department of Microbiology and Food Technology, Jan and Jędrzej Śniadecki University of Technology in Bydgoszcz, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
Małgorzata Andrzejewska
Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology, Ergonomy and Postgraduate Education, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 95-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
Monika Wilk
Department of Microbiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
Krzysztof Skowron
Department of Microbiology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland
Three Salmonella enterica strains were used in the study (serovars: S. enteritidis, S. typhimurim and S. virchow). This study evaluated the efficacy of radiant catalytic ionization (RCI) and ozonation against Salmonella spp. on eggshell (expressed as log CFU/egg). The egg surface was contaminated three different bacterial suspension (103 CFU/mL, 105 CFU/mL and 108 CFU/mL) with or without poultry manure. Experiments were conducted at 4 °C and 20 °C in three different time period: 30 min, 60 min and 120 min. Treatment with RCI reduced Salmonella numbers from 0.26 log CFU/egg in bacterial suspension 108 CFU/mL, 4 °C and 20 °C, with manure for 30 min to level decrease in bacteria number below the detection limit (BDL) in bacterial suspension 105 CFU/mL, 20 °C, with or without manure for 120 min. The populations of Salmonella spp. on eggs treated by ozonizer ranged from 0.20 log CFU/egg in bacteria suspension 108 CFU/mL, 20 °C, with manure for 30 min to 2.73 log CFU/egg in bacterial suspension 105 CFU/mL, 20 °C, with manure for 120 min. In all treatment conditions contamination with poultry manure decrease effectiveness the RCI and ozonation. In summary, RCI technology shows similar effectiveness to the ozonation, but it is safer for poultry plant workers and consumers.
