Tatalaksana Anestesi pada Microvascular Decompression (MVD)

Abstract

Microvascular decompression (MVD) nervus kranialis merupakan salah satu terapi untuk trigeminal neuralgia, spasme hemifacialis, dan neuralgia glosspharyngeal. Seorang wanita 52 tahun masuk ke rumah sakit dengan keluhan utama kedutan pada wajah sebelah kiri selama 17 tahun dan telah berobat ke beberapa dokter, termasuk suntikan botoks, namun hasilnya tidak memuaskan. Pemeriksaan MRI otak menunjukkan persilangan arteri cerebellaris anterior inferior (AICA) kiri dengan N. VII di daerah entry zone. Hal ini dapat menyebabkan TIC fasialis kiri. Pasien ini didiagnosis dengan spasme hemifasialis sinistra dan akan menjalani prosedur MVD. Pasien dianestesi dengan teknik anestesi umum intubasi endotrakea dengan menerapkan prinsip-prinsip neuroanestesia. Pada pasien ini tidak ditemukan tanda-tanda peningkatan tekanan intrakranial, namun dalam memfasilitasi pembedahan untuk dekompressi saraf yang tertekan, sangat penting untuk menurunkan volume otak. Karena itu, diterapkan beberapa metode, seperti hiperventilasi volunter, pemberian mannitol 20% 150mL dengan mempertahankan batas autoregulasi. Kombinasi anestesi inhalasi (sevofluran 0,6-1,5%) dan intravena (propofol kontinyu 60–100mg/jam), relaksasi dengan vecuronium kontinyu 2,5–4,5mg/jam. Cairan rumatan dipilih ringer fundin 400ml dan NaCl 0,9% 500ml melalui 2 jalur intravena. Operasi berjalan selama 2 jam, pendarahan sebanyak 150mL, urin 1000mL dilakukan ekstubasi segera setelah operasi selesai. Pasca anestesi, pernapasan dan hemodinamik stabil dan adekuat. Pemeriksaan neurologis di ruang pemulihan didapatkan kedutan menghilang Anesthesia Management for Microvascular Decompression (MVD) Microvascular decompression (MVD) cranial nerves as a therapy for trigeminal neuralgia, hemifacial spasm, and glosso pharyngeal neuralgia. A 52 years old female, came to the hospital due to the twitching on the left side of her face. She had been experiencing the twitching for over 17 years, had been treated by several doctors, including Botox injection, but with no satisfying outcome. MRI examination showed intercrossing of the left anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) with the seventh cranial nerve in the area of entry zone. The condition caused the left facial TIC. She was diagnosed with left hemifacial spasm and planned for a MVD procedure. The patient was anesthetized with endotracheal intubation under general anesthesia using neuroanesthesia principles. There was no sign of increased intracranial pressure. Nevertheless, it is importance to facilitate the nerve decompression procedure by reducing the brain volume that can be perform with several methods, such as voluntary hyperventilation, administering mannitol 20% 150 mL while maintaining the autoregulation level. Combination of inhalation (sevofluran 0,6-1,5%) and intravenous anesthesia (propofol continuously 60–100mg/hour) was chosen, relaxation was obtained with continuous vecuronium 2,5-4,5mg/hr. Maintenance of intravenous fluids were Ringer fundin 400ml and NaCl 0,9% 500ml delivered via two intravenous routes. The operation was last for 2 hours, the amount of bleeding was 150 mL, and the urine was 1000 mL. The patient was extubated immediately after the operation. Breathing and hemodynamic post anesthesia were both stable and adequate. Neurological examination in the recovery room revealed no more twitching observed.

Keywords

• microvascular decompression
• spasme hemifasialis
• hemifacial spasm
• microvascular decompression