Sustainable financing of immunization programs: A narrative review of the literature

Abstract

Countries have varied approaches to incorporating immunization into national health budgets, with limited evidence on best practices. The diversion of resources from routine immunization due to the pandemic highlights the need to increase sustainability and resilience of existing vaccination infrastructure. Strategies for sustainable financing of immunization programs were reviewed and how they fit within the Immunization Agenda 2030 framework proposed by the WHO. We conducted a critical review of literature and analyzed using a thematic framework. The eligibility criteria included English language peer-reviewed articles, focusing on sustainable financing strategies for immunization programs at an international or regional level. The review turned 24 articles that met inclusion criteria. The areas identified were ensuring sufficient, predictable resources; securing effective public financial management; enhancing collaborative partnerships and facilitating sustainable transition from external donor support. Recommendations include enhancing public-private partnerships (PPPs), ensuring alternative funding models, establishing credible regulatory bodies, and fostering technology transfer. To achieve sustainable financing, a multi-faceted approach is needed: increasing government funding, diversifying funding sources investing in vaccine development infrastructure, establishing regulatory bodies, and fostering PPPs.

Keywords

• sustainable financing
• immunization programs
• vaccination programs
• immunization agenda 2030