Challenges and Approaches of Culturing the Unculturable Archaea
Muhammad Rafiq,
Noor Hassan,
Maliha Rehman,
Muhammad Hayat,
Gullasht Nadeem,
Farwa Hassan,
Naveed Iqbal,
Hazrat Ali,
Sahib Zada,
Yingqian Kang,
Wasim Sajjad,
Muhsin Jamal
Affiliations
Muhammad Rafiq
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Informatics, Balochistan University of IT, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta 87100, Pakistan
Noor Hassan
Industrial Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering-College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
Maliha Rehman
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Informatics, Balochistan University of IT, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta 87100, Pakistan
Muhammad Hayat
State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Jinan 266101, China
Gullasht Nadeem
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Informatics, Balochistan University of IT, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta 87100, Pakistan
Farwa Hassan
Industrial Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering-College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
Naveed Iqbal
Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Informatics, Balochistan University of IT, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta 87100, Pakistan
Hazrat Ali
Industrial Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering-College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
Sahib Zada
Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
Yingqian Kang
Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education of Guizhou, Guiyang 550025, China
Wasim Sajjad
Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi 46000, Pakistan
Muhsin Jamal
Department of Microbiology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Garden Campus, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
Since Carl Woese’s discovery of archaea as a third domain of life, numerous archaeal species have been discovered, yet archaeal diversity is poorly characterized. Culturing archaea is complicated, but several queries about archaeal cell biology, evolution, physiology, and diversity need to be solved by culturing and culture-dependent techniques. Increasing interest in demand for innovative culturing methods has led to various technological and methodological advances. The current review explains frequent hurdles hindering uncultured archaea isolation and discusses features for more archaeal cultivation. This review also discusses successful strategies and available media for archaeal culturing, which might be helpful for future culturing practices.
