Broadband graphene-on-silicon modulator with orthogonal hybrid plasmonic waveguides
Su Mingyang,
Yang Bo,
Liu Junmin,
Ye Huapeng,
Zhou Xinxing,
Xiao Jiangnan,
Li Ying,
Chen Shuqing,
Fan Dianyuan
Affiliations
Su Mingyang
International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, Engineering Technology Research Center for 2D Material Information Function Devices and Systems of Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
Yang Bo
International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, Engineering Technology Research Center for 2D Material Information Function Devices and Systems of Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
Liu Junmin
College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 507738, PR China
Ye Huapeng
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
Zhou Xinxing
Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and Applications, School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, PR China
Xiao Jiangnan
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, Terahertz Science Cooperative Innovation Center, School of Optical-Electrical Computer Engineering, Terahertz Technology Innovation Research Institute, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, PR China
Li Ying
International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, Engineering Technology Research Center for 2D Material Information Function Devices and Systems of Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
Chen Shuqing
International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, Engineering Technology Research Center for 2D Material Information Function Devices and Systems of Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
Fan Dianyuan
International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science & Technology of Ministry of Education, Engineering Technology Research Center for 2D Material Information Function Devices and Systems of Guangdong Province, Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
Graphene, a two-dimensional nanomaterial, possess unique photoelectric properties that have potential application in designing optoelectronic devices. The tunable optical absorption is one of the most exciting properties that can be used to improve the performance of silicon modulators. However, the weak light–matter interaction caused by the size mismatch between the optical mode fields and graphene makes the graphene-on-silicon modulator (GOSM) has large footprint and high energy consumption, limiting the enhancement of modulation efficiency. Here, we propose a broadband GOSM with orthogonal hybrid plasmonic waveguides (HPWs) at near-infrared wavelengths. The orthogonal HPWs are designed to compress the interaction region of optical fields and enhance the light-graphene interaction. The results show that the GOSM has a modulation depth of 26.20 dB/μm, a footprint of 0.33 μm2, a 3 dB modulation bandwidth of 462.77 GHz, and energy consumption of 2.82 fJ/bit at 1.55 μm. Even working at a broad wavelength band ranging from 1.3 to 2 μm, the GOSM also has a modulation depth of over 8.58 dB/μm and energy consumption of below 4.97 fJ/bit. It is anticipated that with the excellent modulation performance, this GOSM may have great potential in broadband integrated modulators, on-chip optical communications and interconnects, etc.
