The Astrophysical Journal (Jan 2024)
Observations of Low and Intermediate Spectral Peak Blazars with the Imaging X-Ray Polarimetry Explorer
- Herman L. Marshall,
- Ioannis Liodakis,
- Alan P. Marscher,
- Niccolò Di Lalla,
- Svetlana G. Jorstad,
- Dawoon E. Kim,
- Riccardo Middei,
- Michela Negro,
- Nicola Omodei,
- Abel L. Peirson,
- Matteo Perri,
- Simonetta Puccetti,
- Marco Laurenti,
- Iván Agudo,
- Giacomo Bonnoli,
- Andrei V. Berdyugin,
- Elisabetta Cavazzuti,
- Nicole Rodriguez Cavero,
- Immacolata Donnarumma,
- Laura Di Gesu,
- Jenni Jormanainen,
- Henric Krawczynski,
- Elina Lindfors,
- Greg Madjeski,
- Frédéric Marin,
- Francesco Massaro,
- Luigi Pacciani,
- Juri Poutanen,
- Fabrizio Tavecchio,
- Pouya M. Kouch,
- Francisco José Aceituno,
- Maria I. Bernardos,
- Víctor Casanova,
- Maya García-Comas,
- Beatriz Agís-González,
- César Husillos,
- Alessandro Marchini,
- Alfredo Sota,
- Dmitry Blinov,
- Ioakeim G. Bourbah,
- Sebastian Kielhmann,
- Evangelos Kontopodis,
- Nikos Mandarakas,
- Stylianos Romanopoulos,
- Raphael Skalidis,
- Anna Vervelaki,
- George A. Borman,
- Evgenia N. Kopatskaya,
- Elena G. Larionova,
- Daria A. Morozova,
- Sergey S. Savchenko,
- Andrey A. Vasilyev,
- Alexey V. Zhovtan,
- Carolina Casadio,
- Juan Escudero,
- Joana Kramer,
- Ioannis Myserlis,
- Efthalia Trainou,
- Ryo Imazawa,
- Mahito Sasada,
- Yasushi Fukazawa,
- Koji S. Kawabata,
- Makoto Uemura,
- Tsunefumi Mizuno,
- Tatsuya Nakaoka,
- Hiroshi Akitaya,
- Joseph R. Masiero,
- Dimitri Mawet,
- Georgia V. Panopoulou,
- Samaporn Tinyanont,
- Masato Kagitani,
- Vadim Kravtsov,
- Takeshi Sakanoi,
- Matthew Dattolo,
- Mark Gurwell,
- Garrett Keating,
- Ramprasad Rao,
- Whee Yeon Cheong,
- Hyeon-Woo Jeong,
- Sincheol Kang,
- Sang-Hyun Kim,
- Sang-Sung Lee,
- Emmanouil Angelakis,
- Alexander Kraus,
- Antonio Hales,
- Seiji Kameno,
- Ruediger Kneissl,
- Hugo Messias,
- Hiroshi Nagai,
- Lucio A. Antonelli,
- Matteo Bachetti,
- Luca Baldini,
- Wayne H. Baumgartner,
- Ronaldo Bellazzini,
- Stefano Bianchi,
- Stephen D. Bongiorno,
- Raffaella Bonino,
- Alessandro Brez,
- Niccolò Bucciantini,
- Fiamma Capitanio,
- Simone Castellano,
- Chen-Ting Chen,
- Stefano Ciprini,
- Enrico Costa,
- Alessandra De Rosa,
- Ettore Del Monte,
- Alessandro Di Marco,
- Victor Doroshenko,
- Michal Dovčiak,
- Steven R. Ehlert,
- Teruaki Enoto,
- Yuri Evangelista,
- Sergio Fabiani,
- Riccardo Ferrazzoli,
- Javier A. Garcia,
- Shuichi Gunji,
- Kiyoshi Hayashida,
- Jeremy Heyl,
- Wataru Iwakiri,
- Philip Kaaret,
- Vladimir Karas,
- Fabian Kislat,
- Takao Kitaguchi,
- Jeffery J. Kolodziejczak,
- Fabio La Monaca,
- Luca Latronico,
- Simone Maldera,
- Alberto Manfreda,
- Andrea Marinucci,
- Giorgio Matt,
- Ikuyuki Mitsuishi,
- Fabio Muleri,
- C.-Y. Ng,
- Stephen L. O’Dell,
- Chiara Oppedisano,
- Alessandro Papitto,
- George G. Pavlov,
- Melissa Pesce-Rollins,
- Pierre-Olivier Petrucci,
- Maura Pilia,
- Andrea Possenti,
- Brian D. Ramsey,
- John Rankin,
- Ajay Ratheesh,
- Oliver J. Roberts,
- Roger W. Romani,
- Carmelo Sgrò,
- Patrick Slane,
- Paolo Soffitta,
- Gloria Spandre,
- Douglas A. Swartz,
- Toru Tamagawa,
- Roberto Taverna,
- Yuzuru Tawara,
- Allyn F. Tennant,
- Nicholas E. Thomas,
- Francesco Tombesi,
- Alessio Trois,
- Sergey S. Tsygankov,
- Roberto Turolla,
- Jacco Vink,
- Martin C. Weisskopf,
- Kinwah Wu,
- Fei Xie,
- Silvia Zane
Affiliations
- Herman L. Marshall
- ORCiD
- MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA ; [email protected]
- Ioannis Liodakis
- ORCiD
- NASA Marshall Space Flight Center , Huntsville, AL 35812, USA; Institute of Astrophysics, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas , GR-70013 Heraklion, Greece
- Alan P. Marscher
- ORCiD
- Institute for Astrophysical Research, Boston University , 725 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Niccolò Di Lalla
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University , Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Svetlana G. Jorstad
- ORCiD
- Institute for Astrophysical Research, Boston University , 725 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Saint Petersburg State University , 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Dawoon E. Kim
- ORCiD
- INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali , Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza” , Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata” , Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Riccardo Middei
- ORCiD
- Space Science Data Center , Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Roma, Italy; INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma , Via Frascati 33, 00040 Monte Porzio Catone (RM), Italy
- Michela Negro
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
- Nicola Omodei
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University , Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Abel L. Peirson
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University , Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Matteo Perri
- ORCiD
- Space Science Data Center , Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Roma, Italy; INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma , Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monte Porzio Catone (RM), Italy
- Simonetta Puccetti
- ORCiD
- Space Science Data Center , Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Marco Laurenti
- ORCiD
- Space Science Data Center , Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Iván Agudo
- ORCiD
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC) , Apartado 3004, E–18080 Granada, Spain
- Giacomo Bonnoli
- ORCiD
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC) , Apartado 3004, E–18080 Granada, Spain; INAF—Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera , via E. Bianchi 46, I–23807 Merate, Italy
- Andrei V. Berdyugin
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, 20014 University of Turku , Finland
- Elisabetta Cavazzuti
- ORCiD
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana , Via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Nicole Rodriguez Cavero
- ORCiD
- Physics Department and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Immacolata Donnarumma
- ORCiD
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana , Via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Laura Di Gesu
- ORCiD
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana , Via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Jenni Jormanainen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, 20014 University of Turku , Finland; Finnish Centre for Astronomy with ESO, University of Turku , 20014, Finland
- Henric Krawczynski
- ORCiD
- Physics Department and McDonnell Center for the Space Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
- Elina Lindfors
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, 20014 University of Turku , Finland; Finnish Centre for Astronomy with ESO, University of Turku , 20014, Finland
- Greg Madjeski
- KIPAC and SLAC, Stanford University , Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Frédéric Marin
- ORCiD
- Université de Strasbourg , CNRS, Observatoire Astronomique de Strasbourg, UMR 7550, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Francesco Massaro
- ORCiD
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá degli Studi di Torino , Via Pietro Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
- Luigi Pacciani
- ORCiD
- INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali , Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Juri Poutanen
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, 20014 University of Turku , Finland
- Fabrizio Tavecchio
- ORCiD
- INAF—Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera , via E. Bianchi 46, I–23807 Merate, Italy
- Pouya M. Kouch
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, 20014 University of Turku , Finland; Finnish Centre for Astronomy with ESO, University of Turku , 20014, Finland
- Francisco José Aceituno
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC) , Apartado 3004, E–18080 Granada, Spain
- Maria I. Bernardos
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC) , Apartado 3004, E–18080 Granada, Spain
- Víctor Casanova
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC) , Apartado 3004, E–18080 Granada, Spain
- Maya García-Comas
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC) , Apartado 3004, E–18080 Granada, Spain
- Beatriz Agís-González
- ORCiD
- Institute of Astrophysics, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas , GR-70013 Heraklion, Greece; Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC) , Apartado 3004, E–18080 Granada, Spain
- César Husillos
- ORCiD
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC) , Apartado 3004, E–18080 Granada, Spain
- Alessandro Marchini
- ORCiD
- Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, Astronomical Observatory , University of Siena , Via Roma 56, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Alfredo Sota
- ORCiD
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (CSIC) , Apartado 3004, E–18080 Granada, Spain
- Dmitry Blinov
- Institute of Astrophysics, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas , GR-70013 Heraklion, Greece; Department of Physics, University of Crete , 70013, Heraklion, Greece
- Ioakeim G. Bourbah
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, University of Crete , 70013, Heraklion, Greece
- Sebastian Kielhmann
- Institute of Astrophysics, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas , GR-70013 Heraklion, Greece; Department of Physics, University of Crete , 70013, Heraklion, Greece
- Evangelos Kontopodis
- Department of Physics, University of Crete , 70013, Heraklion, Greece
- Nikos Mandarakas
- Department of Physics, University of Crete , 70013, Heraklion, Greece; Institute of Astrophysics , Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
- Stylianos Romanopoulos
- Department of Physics, University of Crete , 70013, Heraklion, Greece; Institute of Astrophysics , Voutes, 7110, Heraklion, Greece
- Raphael Skalidis
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, University of Crete , 70013, Heraklion, Greece; Institute of Astrophysics , Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
- Anna Vervelaki
- Department of Physics, University of Crete , 70013, Heraklion, Greece
- George A. Borman
- ORCiD
- Crimean Astrophysical Observatory RAS , P/O Nauchny, 298409, Crimea 85
- Evgenia N. Kopatskaya
- ORCiD
- Saint Petersburg State University , 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Elena G. Larionova
- ORCiD
- Saint Petersburg State University , 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Daria A. Morozova
- ORCiD
- Saint Petersburg State University , 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Sergey S. Savchenko
- ORCiD
- Saint Petersburg State University , 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia; Special Astrophysical Observatory, Russian Academy of Sciences , 369167, Nizhnii Arkhyz, Russia; Pulkovo Observatory , 196140 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Andrey A. Vasilyev
- ORCiD
- Saint Petersburg State University , 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Alexey V. Zhovtan
- Crimean Astrophysical Observatory RAS , P/O Nauchny, 298409, Crimea 85
- Carolina Casadio
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, University of Crete , 70013, Heraklion, Greece; Institute of Astrophysics , Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
- Juan Escudero
- ORCiD
- Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía-CSIC , Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, 18008, Granada, Spain
- Joana Kramer
- ORCiD
- Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy , Auf dem Huegel 69, Bonn, Germany
- Ioannis Myserlis
- ORCiD
- Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique, Avenida Divina Pastora , 7, Local 20, E-18012 Granada, Spain; Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie , Auf dem Hügel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
- Efthalia Trainou
- Instituto de Astrofísicade Andalucía , IAA-CSIC, Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, 18008 Granada, Spain
- Ryo Imazawa
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University Kagamiyama , 1-3-1 Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
- Mahito Sasada
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology , 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
- Yasushi Fukazawa
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University Kagamiyama , 1-3-1 Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan; Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Center, Hiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan; Core Research for Energetic Universe (Core-U), Hiroshima University , 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
- Koji S. Kawabata
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University Kagamiyama , 1-3-1 Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan; Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Center, Hiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan; Core Research for Energetic Universe (Core-U), Hiroshima University , 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
- Makoto Uemura
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University Kagamiyama , 1-3-1 Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan; Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Center, Hiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan; Core Research for Energetic Universe (Core-U), Hiroshima University , 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
- Tsunefumi Mizuno
- ORCiD
- Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Center, Hiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
- Tatsuya Nakaoka
- Hiroshima Astrophysical Science Center, Hiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
- Hiroshi Akitaya
- ORCiD
- Planetary Exploration Research Center, Chiba Institute of Technology 2-17-1 Tsudanuma, Narashino, Chiba 275-0016, Japan
- Joseph R. Masiero
- ORCiD
- California Institute of Technology , 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Dimitri Mawet
- ORCiD
- California Institute of Technology , 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Georgia V. Panopoulou
- ORCiD
- California Institute of Technology , 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Samaporn Tinyanont
- University of California Santa Cruz , 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Masato Kagitani
- Graduate School of Sciences, Tohoku University , Aoba-ku, 980-8578 Sendai, Japan
- Vadim Kravtsov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, 20014 University of Turku , Finland
- Takeshi Sakanoi
- Graduate School of Sciences, Tohoku University , Aoba-ku, 980-8578 Sendai, Japan
- Matthew Dattolo
- Astronomy Department, Boston University , 725 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Mark Gurwell
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Garrett Keating
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Ramprasad Rao
- Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Whee Yeon Cheong
- Korea Astronomy & Space Science Institute , Daedeokdae-ro 776,Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34055, Republic of Korea; University of Science and Technology , Gajeong-ro 217, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Hyeon-Woo Jeong
- Korea Astronomy & Space Science Institute , Daedeokdae-ro 776,Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34055, Republic of Korea; University of Science and Technology , Gajeong-ro 217, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Sincheol Kang
- ORCiD
- Korea Astronomy & Space Science Institute , Daedeokdae-ro 776,Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34055, Republic of Korea
- Sang-Hyun Kim
- ORCiD
- Korea Astronomy & Space Science Institute , Daedeokdae-ro 776,Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34055, Republic of Korea; University of Science and Technology , Gajeong-ro 217, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Sang-Sung Lee
- ORCiD
- Korea Astronomy & Space Science Institute , Daedeokdae-ro 776,Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34055, Republic of Korea; University of Science and Technology , Gajeong-ro 217, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Emmanouil Angelakis
- Section of Astrophysics, Astronomy & Mechanics, Department of Physics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Panepistimiopolis Zografos 15784, Greece
- Alexander Kraus
- Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie , Auf dem Hügel 69, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
- Antonio Hales
- Joint ALMA Observatory , Alonso de Cordova 3107, Vitacura 763-0355, Santiago de Chile, Chile; National Radio Astronomy Observatory , 520 Edgemont Road, Charlottesville, VA 22903-2475, USA
- Seiji Kameno
- ORCiD
- Joint ALMA Observatory , Alonso de Cordova 3107 Vitacura, Santiago 763-0355, Chile; NAOJ Chile Observatory , Alonso de Cordova 3788, Oficina 61B, Vitacura, Santiago, Chile
- Ruediger Kneissl
- European Southern Observatory , ESO Vitacura, Alonso de Cordova 3107, Vitacura, Casilla, 19001 Santiago, Chile; Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, ALMA Santiago Central Offices , Alonso de Cordova 3107, Vitacura, Casilla, 763-0355 Santiago, Chile
- Hugo Messias
- Joint ALMA Observatory , Alonso de Cordova 3107, Vitacura 763-0355, Santiago de Chile, Chile
- Hiroshi Nagai
- ORCiD
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan; Department of Astronomical Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI) , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
- Lucio A. Antonelli
- ORCiD
- Space Science Data Center , Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Roma, Italy; INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma , Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monte Porzio Catone (RM), Italy
- Matteo Bachetti
- ORCiD
- INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari , Via della Scienza 5, 09047 Selargius (CA), Italy
- Luca Baldini
- ORCiD
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Pisa, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pisa , Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Wayne H. Baumgartner
- ORCiD
- NASA Marshall Space Flight Center , Huntsville, AL 35812, USA
- Ronaldo Bellazzini
- ORCiD
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Pisa, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Stefano Bianchi
- ORCiD
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università degli Studi Roma Tre , Via della Vasca Navale 84, 00146 Roma, Italy
- Stephen D. Bongiorno
- ORCiD
- NASA Marshall Space Flight Center , Huntsville, AL 35812, USA
- Raffaella Bonino
- ORCiD
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino , Via Pietro Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
- Alessandro Brez
- ORCiD
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Pisa, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Niccolò Bucciantini
- ORCiD
- INAF Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri , Largo Enrico Fermi 5, 50125 Firenze, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Firenze , Via Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Firenze, Via Sansone 1, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
- Fiamma Capitanio
- ORCiD
- INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali , Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Simone Castellano
- ORCiD
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Pisa, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Chen-Ting Chen
- ORCiD
- Space and Technology Institute, Universities Space Research Association , Huntsville, AL 35805, USA
- Stefano Ciprini
- ORCiD
- Space Science Data Center , Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Roma, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Enrico Costa
- ORCiD
- INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali , Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Alessandra De Rosa
- ORCiD
- INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali , Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Ettore Del Monte
- ORCiD
- INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali , Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Alessandro Di Marco
- ORCiD
- INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali , Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Victor Doroshenko
- ORCiD
- Institut für Astronomie und Astrophysik, Universität Tübingen , Sand 1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Michal Dovčiak
- ORCiD
- Astronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Boční II 1401/1, 14100 Praha 4, Czech Republic
- Steven R. Ehlert
- ORCiD
- NASA Marshall Space Flight Center , Huntsville, AL 35812, USA
- Teruaki Enoto
- ORCiD
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research , 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Yuri Evangelista
- ORCiD
- INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali , Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Sergio Fabiani
- ORCiD
- INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali , Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Riccardo Ferrazzoli
- ORCiD
- INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali , Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Javier A. Garcia
- ORCiD
- California Institute of Technology , 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Shuichi Gunji
- ORCiD
- Yamagata University , 1-4-12 Kojirakawa-machi, Yamagata-shi 990-8560, Japan
- Kiyoshi Hayashida
- Osaka University , 1-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Jeremy Heyl
- ORCiD
- University of British Columbia , Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Wataru Iwakiri
- ORCiD
- International Center for Hadron Astrophysics, Chiba University , Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
- Philip Kaaret
- ORCiD
- NASA Marshall Space Flight Center , Huntsville, AL 35812, USA
- Vladimir Karas
- ORCiD
- Astronomical Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Boční II 1401/1, 14100 Praha 4, Czech Republic
- Fabian Kislat
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Space Science Center, University of New Hampshire , Durham, NH 03824, USA
- Takao Kitaguchi
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research , 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Jeffery J. Kolodziejczak
- ORCiD
- NASA Marshall Space Flight Center , Huntsville, AL 35812, USA
- Fabio La Monaca
- ORCiD
- INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali , Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Luca Latronico
- ORCiD
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
- Simone Maldera
- ORCiD
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
- Alberto Manfreda
- ORCiD
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Pisa, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Andrea Marinucci
- ORCiD
- Agenzia Spaziale Italiana , Via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Giorgio Matt
- ORCiD
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università degli Studi Roma Tre , Via della Vasca Navale 84, 00146 Roma, Italy
- Ikuyuki Mitsuishi
- Graduate School of Science, Division of Particle and Astrophysical Science, Nagoya University , Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
- Fabio Muleri
- ORCiD
- INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali , Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
- C.-Y. Ng
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam, Hong Kong
- Stephen L. O’Dell
- ORCiD
- NASA Marshall Space Flight Center , Huntsville, AL 35812, USA
- Chiara Oppedisano
- ORCiD
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
- Alessandro Papitto
- ORCiD
- INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma , Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monte Porzio Catone (RM), Italy
- George G. Pavlov
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Melissa Pesce-Rollins
- ORCiD
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Pisa, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Pierre-Olivier Petrucci
- ORCiD
- Université Grenoble Alpes , CNRS, IPAG, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Maura Pilia
- ORCiD
- INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari , Via della Scienza 5, 09047 Selargius (CA), Italy
- Andrea Possenti
- ORCiD
- INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari , Via della Scienza 5, 09047 Selargius (CA), Italy
- Brian D. Ramsey
- ORCiD
- NASA Marshall Space Flight Center , Huntsville, AL 35812, USA
- John Rankin
- ORCiD
- INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali , Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Ajay Ratheesh
- ORCiD
- INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali , Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Oliver J. Roberts
- ORCiD
- Space and Technology Institute, Universities Space Research Association , Huntsville, AL 35805, USA
- Roger W. Romani
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology, Stanford University , Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Carmelo Sgrò
- ORCiD
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Pisa, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Patrick Slane
- ORCiD
- Center for Astrophysics ∣ Harvard & Smithsonian , 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Paolo Soffitta
- ORCiD
- INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali , Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy
- Gloria Spandre
- ORCiD
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Pisa, Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
- Douglas A. Swartz
- ORCiD
- Space and Technology Institute, Universities Space Research Association , Huntsville, AL 35805, USA
- Toru Tamagawa
- ORCiD
- RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research , 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Roberto Taverna
- ORCiD
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Padova , Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Yuzuru Tawara
- Graduate School of Science, Division of Particle and Astrophysical Science, Nagoya University , Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
- Allyn F. Tennant
- ORCiD
- NASA Marshall Space Flight Center , Huntsville, AL 35812, USA
- Nicholas E. Thomas
- ORCiD
- NASA Marshall Space Flight Center , Huntsville, AL 35812, USA
- Francesco Tombesi
- ORCiD
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata” , Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Sezione di Roma “Tor Vergata”, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy; Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- Alessio Trois
- ORCiD
- INAF Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari , Via della Scienza 5, 09047 Selargius (CA), Italy
- Sergey S. Tsygankov
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, 20014 University of Turku , Finland
- Roberto Turolla
- ORCiD
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università degli Studi di Padova , Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy; Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London , Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey, RH5 6NT, UK
- Jacco Vink
- ORCiD
- Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy & GRAPPA, University of Amsterdam , Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Martin C. Weisskopf
- ORCiD
- NASA Marshall Space Flight Center , Huntsville, AL 35812, USA
- Kinwah Wu
- ORCiD
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London , Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey, RH5 6NT, UK
- Fei Xie
- ORCiD
- INAF Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali , Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Roma, Italy; Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University , Nanning 530004, People’s Republic of China
- Silvia Zane
- ORCiD
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London , Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey, RH5 6NT, UK
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad5671
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 972,
no. 1
p. 74
Abstract
We present X-ray polarimetry observations from the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) of three low spectral peak and one intermediate spectral peak blazars, namely 3C 273, 3C 279, 3C 454.3, and S5 0716+714. For none of these objects was IXPE able to detect X-ray polarization at the 3 σ level. However, we placed upper limits on the polarization degree at ∼10%–30%. The undetected polarizations favor models where the X-ray band is dominated by unpolarized photons upscattered by relativistic electrons in the jets of blazars, although hadronic models are not completely eliminated. We discuss the X-ray polarization upper limits in the context of our contemporaneous multiwavelength polarization campaigns.
Keywords
