The effect of medical face masks on inhalation risk of bacterial bioaerosols in hospital waste decontamination station

Abstract

Abstract There is insufficient research on bioaerosols in hospital waste decontamination stations. This study aimed to investigate the effect of three-layer and N95 masks in reducing the inhalation risk of bacterial bioaerosols in a waste decontamination station at a teaching hospital. Active sampling was conducted on five different days at three locations: the yard, resting room, and autoclave room in three different modes: without a mask, with a three-layer mask, and with an N95 mask. Bacterial bioaerosols passing through the masks were identified using biochemical tests and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The median concentration and interquartile range (IQR) of bacterial bioaerosols was 217.093 (230.174) colony-forming units per cubic meter (CFU/m3), which is higher than the recommended amount by Pan American Health Organization (PAHO). The resting room had high contamination levels, with a median (IQR) of 321.9 (793.529) CFU/m3 of bacterial bioaerosols. The maximum concentration of bioaerosols was also recorded in the same room (2443.282 CFU/m3). The concentration of bacterial bioaerosols differed significantly between using a three-layer or N95 mask and not using a mask (p-value < 0.001). The non-carcinogenic risk level was acceptable in all cases, except in the resting room without a mask (Hazard Quotient (HQ) = 2.07). The predominant bacteria were Gram-positive cocci (33.98%). Micrococci (three-layer mask = 51.28%, N95 mask = 50%) and Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (three-layer mask = 30.77%, N95 mask = 31.82%) were the most abundant bioaerosols passing through the masks. The results obtained are useful for managerial decisions in hospital waste decontamination stations to reduce exposure to bioaerosols and develop useful guidelines.

Keywords

• Airborne bacteria
• Personal protective equipment
• Risk assessment
• Inhalation risk