Nonlinear optical microscopies (NOMs) and plasmon-enhanced NOMs for biology and 2D materials

Abstract

In this review, we focus on the summary of nonlinear optical microscopies (NOMs), which are stimulated Raman scattering (SRS), coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS), second harmonic generation (SHG), and two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF). The introduction is divided into two parts: the principle of SRS, CARS, TPEF, and SHG and their application to biology and two-dimensional materials. We also introduce the connections and differences between them. We also discuss the principle of plasmon-enhanced NOM and its application in the above two aspects. This paper not only summarizes the research progress in the frontier but also deepens the readers’ understanding of the physical principles of these NOMs.

Keywords

• nonlinear optical microscopies
• two-photon excited fluorescence
• stimulated raman scatting
• second harmonic generation
• coherent anti-stokes raman scattering