Drone-Based Imaging Polarimetry of Dark Lake Patches from the Viewpoint of Flying Polarotactic Insects with Ecological Implication

Abstract

Aquatic insects detect water by the horizontal polarization of water-reflected light and thus are attracted to such light. Recently, in the Hungarian Lake Balaton we observed dark water patches forming between every autumn and spring because of the inflow of black suspended/dissolved organic matter into the bright lake water. Earlier, the polarization characteristics of such water surfaces were mapped by imaging polarimeters from the ground. In order to measure the reflection-polarization patterns of these dark lake patches from the higher viewpoint of flying polarotactic aquatic insects, we designed a drone-based imaging polarimeter. We found that the dark lake patches reflected light with very high (60% ≤ d ≤ 80%) degrees of horizontal polarization at the Brewster’s angle, while the bright lake water was only weakly (d < 20%) horizontally polarizing. There was a large contrast in both the radiance and degree of polarization between dark lake patches and bright lake water, while there was no such contrast in the angle of polarization. The ecological implication of these findings could be that these dark lake patches attract water-seeking polarotactic insects, which may oviposit more frequently in them than in the brighter lake water. However, it might not matter if they lay their eggs in these dark patches rather than the bright lake water, because this may simply increase the abundance of breeding flying insects in areas where dark patches are common.

Keywords

• polarization
• imaging polarimetry
• drone
• water surface
• aquatic ecology