Diagnostic Performance of Extrahepatic Protein Induced by Vitamin K Absence in the Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Mirela Georgiana Perne,
Adela-Viviana Sitar-Tăut,
Teodora Gabriela Alexescu,
Lorena Ciumărnean,
Mircea-Vasile Milaciu,
Sorina-Cezara Coste,
Calin-Vasile Vlad,
Angela Cozma,
Dan-Andrei Sitar-Tăut,
Olga Hilda Orăşan,
Alexandra Crăciun
Affiliations
Mirela Georgiana Perne
4th Medical Clinic, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Victor Babes Street, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Adela-Viviana Sitar-Tăut
4th Medical Clinic, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Victor Babes Street, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Teodora Gabriela Alexescu
4th Medical Clinic, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Victor Babes Street, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Lorena Ciumărnean
4th Medical Clinic, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Victor Babes Street, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Mircea-Vasile Milaciu
4th Medical Clinic, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Victor Babes Street, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Sorina-Cezara Coste
4th Medical Clinic, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Victor Babes Street, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Calin-Vasile Vlad
4th Medical Clinic, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Victor Babes Street, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Angela Cozma
4th Medical Clinic, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Victor Babes Street, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Dan-Andrei Sitar-Tăut
Department of Business Information Systems, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Babeş-Bolyai University, 58–60 Theodor Mihaly Street, 400591 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Olga Hilda Orăşan
4th Medical Clinic, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Victor Babes Street, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Alexandra Crăciun
Discipline of Medical Biochemistry, 3rd Department—Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Victor Babes Street, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Background and Objectives: the early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) benefits from the use of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) together with imaging diagnosis using abdominal ultrasonography, CT, and MRI, leading to improved early detection of HCC. A lot of progress has been made in the field, but some cases are missed or late diagnosed in advanced stages of the disease. Therefore, new tools (serum markers, imagistic technics) are continually being reconsidered. Serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist II (PIVKA II) diagnostic accuracy for HCC (global and early disease) has been investigated (in a separate or cumulative way). The purpose of the present study was to determine the performance of PIVKA II compared to AFP. Materials and Methods: systematic research was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Medline and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, taking into consideration articles published between 2018 and 2022. Results: a total number of 37 studies (5037 patients with HCC vs. 8199 patients—control group) have been included in the meta-analysis. PIVKA II presented a better diagnostic accuracy in HCC diagnostic vs. alpha-fetoprotein (global PIVKA II AUROC 0.851 vs. AFP AUROC 0.808, respectively, 0.790 vs. 0.740 in early HCC cases). The conclusion from a clinical point of view, concomitant use of PIVKA II and AFP can bring useful information, added to that brought by ultrasound examination.
