The Astrophysical Journal Letters (Jan 2024)
On the Scarcity of Dense Cores (n > 105 cm−3) in High-latitude Planck Galactic Cold Clumps
- Fengwei Xu,
- Ke Wang,
- Tie Liu,
- David Eden,
- Xunchuan Liu,
- Mika Juvela,
- Jinhua He,
- Doug Johnstone,
- Paul Goldsmith,
- Guido Garay,
- Yuefang Wu,
- Archana Soam,
- Alessio Traficante,
- Isabelle Ristorcelli,
- Edith Falgarone,
- Huei-Ru Vivien Chen,
- Naomi Hirano,
- Yasuo Doi,
- Woojin Kwon,
- Glenn J. White,
- Anthony Whitworth,
- Patricio Sanhueza,
- Mark G. Rawlings,
- Dana Alina,
- Zhiyuan Ren,
- Chang Won Lee,
- Ken’ichi Tatematsu,
- Chuan-Peng Zhang,
- Jianjun Zhou,
- Shih-Ping Lai,
- Derek Ward-Thompson,
- Sheng-Yuan Liu,
- Qilao Gu,
- Eswaraiah Chakali,
- Lei Zhu,
- Diego Mardones,
- L. Viktor Tóth
Affiliations
- Fengwei Xu
- ORCiD
- Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China ; [email protected]; Department of Astronomy, School of Physics, Peking University , Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
- Ke Wang
- ORCiD
- Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China ; [email protected]
- Tie Liu
- ORCiD
- Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 80 Nandan Road, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China
- David Eden
- ORCiD
- Armagh Observatory and Planetarium, College Hill , Armagh, BT61 9DB, UK
- Xunchuan Liu
- ORCiD
- Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 80 Nandan Road, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China
- Mika Juvela
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Jinhua He
- ORCiD
- Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 396 Yangfangwang, Guandu District, Kunming, 650216, People's Republic of China; Chinese Academy of Sciences South America Center for Astronomy , National Astronomical Observatories, CAS, Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China; Departamento de Astronomía, Universidad de Chile , Las Condes, 7591245 Santiago, Chile
- Doug Johnstone
- ORCiD
- NRC Herzberg Astronomy and Astrophysics , 5071 West Saanich Road, Victoria, BC, V9E 2E7, Canada; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria , 3800 Finnerty Road, Elliot Building, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
- Paul Goldsmith
- ORCiD
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology , Pasadena CA 91109, USA
- Guido Garay
- ORCiD
- Departamento de Astronomía, Universidad de Chile , Las Condes, 7591245 Santiago, Chile
- Yuefang Wu
- ORCiD
- Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China ; [email protected]; Department of Astronomy, School of Physics, Peking University , Beijing, 100871, People's Republic of China
- Archana Soam
- ORCiD
- Indian Institute of Astrophysics , II Block, Koramangala, Bengaluru 560034, India
- Alessio Traficante
- ORCiD
- IAPS-INAF, Via Fosso del Cavaliere , 100, I-00133 Rome, Italy
- Isabelle Ristorcelli
- IRAP, Université de Toulouse , CNRS, UPS, 9 Av. du Colonel Roche, BP 44346, 31028 Toulouse cedex 4, France
- Edith Falgarone
- ORCiD
- LPENS, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université PSL , CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, 75005 Paris, France
- Huei-Ru Vivien Chen
- ORCiD
- Institute of Astronomy and Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Naomi Hirano
- ORCiD
- Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics , Academia Sinica, No.1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Yasuo Doi
- ORCiD
- Department of Earth Science and Astronomy, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo , 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan
- Woojin Kwon
- ORCiD
- Department of Earth Science Education, Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; SNU Astronomy Research Center, Seoul National University , 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Glenn J. White
- ORCiD
- School of Physical Sciences, The Open University , Walton Hall, milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK; RAL Space, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory , Chilton, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0QX, UK
- Anthony Whitworth
- ORCiD
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University , The Parade, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, UK
- Patricio Sanhueza
- ORCiD
- National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, National Institutes of Natural Sciences , 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan; Astronomical Science Program, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies , SOKENDAI, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
- Mark G. Rawlings
- ORCiD
- Gemini Observatory/NSF’s NOIRLab , 670 N. A‘ohōkū Place, Hilo, HI 96720, USA; East Asian Observatory, 660 N. A‘ohōkū Place, University Park , Hilo, HI 96720, USA
- Dana Alina
- ORCiD
- Nazarbayev University , Kabanbay Batyr Ave, 53, Astana 010000 Kazakhstan
- Zhiyuan Ren
- ORCiD
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Datun Rd. A20, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Chang Won Lee
- ORCiD
- Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute , 776 Daedeokdae-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34055, Republic of Korea; University of Science and Technology , Korea (UST), 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Ken’ichi Tatematsu
- ORCiD
- Astronomical Science Program, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies , SOKENDAI, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan; Nobeyama Radio Observatory, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, National Institutes of Natural Sciences , 462-2 Nobeyama, Minamimaki, Minamisaku, Nagano 384-1305, Japan
- Chuan-Peng Zhang
- ORCiD
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100101, People's Republic of China; Guizhou Radio Astronomical Observatory, Guizhou University , Guiyang 550000, People's Republic of China
- Jianjun Zhou
- ORCiD
- XingJiang Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Urumqi 830011, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Radio Astronomy, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Urumqi 830011, People's Republic of China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Radio Astrophysics , Urumqi 830011, People's Republic of China
- Shih-Ping Lai
- ORCiD
- Institute of Astronomy and Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics , Academia Sinica, No.1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Derek Ward-Thompson
- ORCiD
- Jeremiah Horrocks Institute, University of Central Lancashire , Preston PR1 2HE, UK
- Sheng-Yuan Liu
- ORCiD
- Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics , Academia Sinica, No.1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Qilao Gu
- ORCiD
- Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 80 Nandan Road, Shanghai 200030, People's Republic of China
- Eswaraiah Chakali
- ORCiD
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati , Rami Reddy Nagar, Karakambadi Road, Mangalam (P.O.), Tirupati 517 507, India
- Lei Zhu
- National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Datun Rd. A20, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Diego Mardones
- ORCiD
- Departamento de Astronomía, Universidad de Chile , Las Condes, 7591245 Santiago, Chile
- L. Viktor Tóth
- ORCiD
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, Eötvös Lorànd University , Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad21e6
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 963,
no. 1
p. L9
Abstract
High-latitude (∣ b ∣ > 30°) molecular clouds have virial parameters that exceed 1, but whether these clouds can form stars has not been studied systematically. Using JCMT SCUBA-2 archival data, we surveyed 70 fields that target high-latitude Planck Galactic cold clumps (HLPCs) to find dense cores with density of 10 ^5 –10 ^6 cm ^−3 and size of 1 × 10 ^21 cm ^−2 ). At an average rms of 15 mJy beam ^−1 , we detected Galactic dense cores in only one field, G6.04+36.77 (L183) while also identifying 12 extragalactic objects and two young stellar objects. Compared to the low-latitude clumps, dense cores are scarce in HLPCs. With synthetic observations, the densities of cores are constrained to be n _c ≲ 10 ^5 cm ^−3 should they exist in HLPCs. Low-latitude clumps, Taurus clumps, and HLPCs form a sequence where a higher virial parameter corresponds to a lower dense-core detection rate. If HLPCs were affected by the Local Bubble, the scarcity should favor turbulence-inhibited rather than supernova-driven star formation. Studies of the formation mechanism of the L183 molecular cloud are warranted.
Keywords