Characteristics of P-Type and N-Type Photoelectrochemical Biosensors: A Case Study for Esophageal Cancer Detection
Joseph-Hang Leung,
Hong-Thai Nguyen,
Shih-Wei Feng,
Sofya B. Artemkina,
Vladimir E. Fedorov,
Shang-Chin Hsieh,
Hsiang-Chen Wang
Affiliations
Joseph-Hang Leung
Department of Radiology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-yi Christian Hospital, Chia Yi 60002, Taiwan
Hong-Thai Nguyen
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Advanced Institute of Manufacturing with High Tech Innovations (AIM-HI), Center for Innovative Research on Aging Society (CIRAS), National Chung Cheng University, 168, University Rd., Min Hsiung, Chia Yi 62102, Taiwan
Shih-Wei Feng
Department of Applied Physics, National University of Kaohsiung, 700 Kaohsiung University Rd., Nanzih District, Kaohsiung 81148, Taiwan
Sofya B. Artemkina
Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
Vladimir E. Fedorov
Nikolaev Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
Shang-Chin Hsieh
Department of Plastic Surgery, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, 2, Zhongzheng 1st. Rd., Lingya District, Kaohsiung 80284, Taiwan
Hsiang-Chen Wang
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Advanced Institute of Manufacturing with High Tech Innovations (AIM-HI), Center for Innovative Research on Aging Society (CIRAS), National Chung Cheng University, 168, University Rd., Min Hsiung, Chia Yi 62102, Taiwan
P-type and N-type photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensors were established in the laboratory to discuss the correlation between characteristic substances and photoactive material properties through the photogenerated charge carrier transport mechanism. Four types of human esophageal cancer cells (ECCs) were analyzed without requiring additional bias voltage. Photoelectrical characteristics were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–vis reflectance spectroscopy, and photocurrent response analyses. Results showed that smaller photocurrent was measured in cases with advanced cancer stages. Glutathione (L-glutathione reduced, GSH) and Glutathione disulfide (GSSG) in cancer cells carry out redox reactions during carrier separation, which changes the photocurrent. The sensor can identify ECC stages with a certain level of photoelectrochemical response. The detection error can be optimized by adjusting the number of cells, and the detection time of about 5 min allowed repeated measurement.
