Mediation of radiation-induced bystander effect and epigenetic modification: The role of exosomes in cancer radioresistance
Chikondi Jassi,
Wei-Wen kuo,
Chia-Hua Kuo,
Chun-Ming Chang,
Ming-Cheng Chen,
Tzu-Ching Shih,
Chi-Cheng Li,
Chih-Yang Huang
Affiliations
Chikondi Jassi
Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
Wei-Wen kuo
Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
Chia-Hua Kuo
Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA
Chun-Ming Chang
Department of General Surgery, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan; School of Medicine Tzu Chi University, 701, Section 3, Chung-Yang Road, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
Ming-Cheng Chen
Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
Tzu-Ching Shih
Department of Biomedical Imaging & Radiological Science College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
Chi-Cheng Li
School of Medicine Tzu Chi University, 701, Section 3, Chung-Yang Road, Hualien 97004, Taiwan; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan; Center of Stem Cell & Precision Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
Chih-Yang Huang
Cardiovascular and Mitochondria Related Diseases Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Hualien 970, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 413, Taiwan; Center of General Education, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien 970, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Corresponding author. Cardiovascular and Mitochondria related diseases research center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology, Hualien, Taiwan.
Exosomes are nano-sized extracellular vesicles produced by almost all mammalian cells. They play an important role in cell-to-cell communication by transferring biologically active molecules from the cell of origin to the recipient cells. Ionizing radiation influences exosome production and molecular cargo loading. In cancer management, ionizing radiation is a form of treatment that exerts its cancer cytotoxicity by induction of DNA damage and other alterations to the targeted tissue cells. However, normal bystander non-targeted cells may exhibit the effects of ionizing radiation, a phenomenon called radiation-induced bystander effect (RIBE). The mutual communication between the two groups of cells (targeted and non-targeted) via radiation-influenced exosomes enables the exchange of radiosensitive molecules. This facilitates indirect radiation exposure, leading, among other effects, to epigenetic remodeling and subsequent adaptation to radiation. This review discusses the role exosomes play in epigenetically induced radiotherapy resistance through the mediation of RIBE.
