Convective Heat Transfer Analysis for Aluminum Oxide (<i>Al</i>₂<i>O</i>₃)- and Ferro (<i>Fe</i>₃<i>O</i>₄)-Based Nano-Fluid over a Curved Stretching Sheet

Abstract

In this work, the combined effects of velocity slip and convective heat boundary conditions on a hybrid nano-fluid over a nonlinear curved stretching surface were considered. Two kinds of fluids, namely, hybrid nano-fluid and aluminum oxide (Al2O3)- and iron oxide (Fe3O4)-based nano-fluid, were also taken into account. We transformed the governing model into a nonlinear system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). For this we used the similarity transformation method. The solution of the transformed ODE system was computed via a higher-order numerical approximation scheme known as the shooting method with the Runge–Kutta method of order four (RK-4). It is noticed that the fluid velocity was reduced for the magnetic parameter, curvature parameter, and slip parameters, while the temperature declined with higher values of the magnetic parameter, Prandtl number, and convective heat transfer. Furthermore, the physical quantities of engineering interest, i.e., the behavior of the skin fraction and the Nusselt number, are presented. These behaviors are also illustrated graphically along with the numerical values in a comparison with previous work in numerical tabular form.

Keywords

• <i>Al</i>₂<i>O</i>₃ aluminum oxide and ferro <i>Fe</i>₃<i>O</i>₄ nano-particles
• non-linear curved sheet
• convective heat transfer
• velocity slip boundary condition