Identifikasi Kadar dan Pengaruh Sifat Kimia Tanah terhadap Metabolit Sekunder Kunyit (Curcuma domestiva Val.) di Bangkalan

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kadar metabolit sekunder rimpang kunyit serta hubungannya dengan sifat kimia tanah di Kabupaten Bangkalan. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Maret-Juni 2015. Subyek penelitian ini adalah sentra penanaman kunyit milik kelompok tani di tiga kecamatan yang ada di Kabupaten Bangkalan tepatnya di Kecamatan Bangkalan, Kecamatan Galis, dan Kecamatan Geger yang ditetapkan berdasarkan metode purposive sampling. Sampel kunyit dan tanah diambil 12 tempat di masing-masing kecamatan yang ditetapkan berdasarkan snowball sampling. Rimpang kunyit yang diambil yaitu rimpang induk dan anakan dari tanaman kunyit umur 8-12 bulan, selanjutnya diukur berat kering dan kandungan metabolit sekundernya yaitu kurkumin dan minyak atsirinya sedangkan sampel tanah selanjutnya dianalisa kandungan N, P, K serta C organiknya. Data yang telah diperoleh kemudian di analisis menggunakan analisis regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kunyit di Bangkalan memiliki berat kering rimpang 16,66 % - 17,30 %, kandungan kurkumin 0,997 % - 1,073 %, serta minyak atsiri 2,14 % - 2,78 %. Unsur N berkorelasi positif terhadap kandungan kurkumin sedangkan unsur P dan C organik berkorelasi positif terhadap berat kering kunyit. Sifat kimia tanah tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap kandungan minyak atsiri kunyit. Kata kunci : Kunyit, Bangkalan, kurkumin, minyak atsiri, tanah ABSTRACT This study aims to identify the levels of secondary metabolites turmeric and determine the influence of soil chemical properties of the secondary metabolites in Bangkalan. This study was conducted in March-June 2015. The study was conducted in turmeric cultivation centers belonging to farmer groups in three districts in Bangkalan precisely in the Bangkalan, Galis, and Geger district established by purposive sampling method. Turmeric and soil samples were taken 12 place in each district established by snowball sampling. main and tiller rhizome were taken at 8-12 months after planting than measured its dry weight and secondary metabolites content that is curcumin and essential oil yield, while soil samples were analyzed content of N, P, K and C organic. The data was analiyzed using multiple regression to find the relationship between the compounds curcumin turmeric with some soil chemical properties. The results showed that in Bangkalan turmeric rhizome has a dry weight of 16.66% - 17.30%, curcumin content of 0.997% - 1.073%, and the essential oil 2,14% - 2,78%. Soil nitrogen positively correlated to the content of curcumin while phosphor and organic C soil was positively correlated to the weight of dry saffron. Keywords: Turmeric, Bangkalan, curcumin, essential oil, soil

Keywords

• kunyit, bangkalan, kurkumin, minyak atsiri, tanah