Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology (Jul 2022)

A multi-organ-on-chip to recapitulate the infiltration and the cytotoxic activity of circulating NK cells in 3D matrix-based tumor model

  • Monica Marzagalli,
  • Giorgia Pelizzoni,
  • Arianna Fedi,
  • Chiara Vitale,
  • Chiara Vitale,
  • Fabrizio Fontana,
  • Silvia Bruno,
  • Alessandro Poggi,
  • Alessandra Dondero,
  • Alessandra Dondero,
  • Maurizio Aiello,
  • Roberta Castriconi,
  • Roberta Castriconi,
  • Cristina Bottino,
  • Cristina Bottino,
  • Silvia Scaglione

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2022.945149
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 10

Abstract

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The success of immunotherapeutic approaches strictly depends on the immune cells interaction with cancer cells. While conventional in vitro cell cultures under-represent the complexity and dynamic crosstalk of the tumor microenvironment, animal models do not allow deciphering the anti-tumor activity of the human immune system. Therefore, the development of reliable and predictive preclinical models has become crucial for the screening of immune-therapeutic approaches. We here present an organ-on-chip organ on chips (OOC)-based approach for recapitulating the immune cell Natural Killer (NK) migration under physiological fluid flow, infiltration within a 3D tumor matrix, and activation against neuroblastoma cancer cells in a humanized, fluid-dynamic environment. Circulating NK cells actively initiate a spontaneous “extravasation” process toward the physically separated tumor niche, retaining their ability to interact with matrix-embedded tumor cells, and to display a cytotoxic effect (tumor cell apoptosis). Since NK cells infiltration and phenotype is correlated with prognosis and response to immunotherapy, their phenotype is also investigated: most importantly, a clear decrease in CD16-positive NK cells within the migrated and infiltrated population is observed. The proposed immune-tumor OOC-based model represents a promising approach for faithfully recapitulating the human pathology and efficiently employing the immunotherapies testing, eventually in a personalized perspective. An immune-organ on chip to recapitulate the tumor-mediated infiltration of circulating immune cells within 3D tumor model.

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