Keragaan vegetatif dan generatif pada fase pembungaan awal kelapa Genjah kopyor asal kultur embrio di Bogor, Jawa Barat

Abstract

The performance of kopyor Dwarf coconuts from embryo culture in the field has not been reported. This study was conducted to determine the difference in vegetative and generative performances of three fruit color phenotypes (brown, green, and yellow) of kopyor Dwarf coconuts in the first year after the first flower appeared. The coconuts were planted in Bogor, West Java at 260 masl with average temperature 26.9 oC and average rainfall 4,300 mm/year. Each color phenotype was represented by 20 kopyor coconut trees from the same planting date that had not been flowering yet. When the first flowers appeared, Kopyor Brown Dwarf (KBD) had 14.6 fronds, while Kopyor Yellow Dwarf (KYD) and Kopyor Green Dwarf (KGD) had 15.5 and 17.1 fronds respectively. Other vegetative components when the first flower appeared were not significantly difference among the three color phenotypes such as stem girth (90.7- 99.2 cm), stem height (18.6-23.9 cm), frond length (3.9-4.2 m) and canopy diameter (5.8-6.1 m). KBD coconuts started flowering faster than that of KGD and KYD. The numbers of flowers formed in the first year of flowering were 15 to 17 flowers per tree. There was an initial sharp decrease in the survival of young fruits, but this levelled off after 2-3 months. On average 18-22 fruits per bunch at flowering decreased to 5-6 fruits per bunch at maturity. The survival of fruits in KGD (6.2 fruits per bunch) was higher than KBD (4.0 fruits) and KYD (4.5 fruits) at 11 months after flowering. The average fruit size and weight of brown phenotype were higher than green and yellow phenotypes. The mature brown fruits had a lower husk percentage, but higher shell and fruit meat percentages than those of the green and yellow fruits.

Keywords

• fruit color phenotype
• kopyor dwarf coconut
• fruit abortion
• fruit quality