Heliyon (May 2024)

Characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients admitted to hospital with and without respiratory symptoms

  • Barbara Wanjiru Citarella,
  • Christiana Kartsonaki,
  • Elsa D. Ibáñez-Prada,
  • Bronner P. Gonçalves,
  • Joaquin Baruch,
  • Martina Escher,
  • Mark G. Pritchard,
  • Jia Wei,
  • Fred Philippy,
  • Andrew Dagens,
  • Matthew Hall,
  • James Lee,
  • Demetrios James Kutsogiannis,
  • Evert-Jan Wils,
  • Marília Andreia Fernandes,
  • Bharath Kumar Tirupakuzhi Vijayaraghavan,
  • Prasan Kumar Panda,
  • Ignacio Martin-Loeches,
  • Shinichiro Ohshimo,
  • Arie Zainul Fatoni,
  • Peter Horby,
  • Jake Dunning,
  • Jordi Rello,
  • Laura Merson,
  • Amanda Rojek,
  • Michel Vaillant,
  • Piero Olliaro,
  • Luis Felipe Reyes,
  • S.A. Moharam,
  • Sabriya Abdalasalam,
  • Alaa Abdalfattah Abdalhadi,
  • Naana Reyam Abdalla,
  • Walaa Abdalla,
  • Almthani Hamza Abdalrheem,
  • Ashraf Abdalsalam,
  • Saedah Abdeewi,
  • Esraa Hassan Abdelgaum,
  • Mohamed Abdelhalim,
  • Mohammed Abdelkabir,
  • Israa Abdelrahman,
  • Sheryl Ann Abdukahil,
  • Lamees Adil Abdulbaqi,
  • Salaheddin Abdulhamid,
  • Widyan Abdulhamid,
  • Nurul Najmee Abdulkadir,
  • Eman Abdulwahed,
  • Rawad Abdunabi,
  • Ryuzo Abe,
  • Laurent Abel,
  • Ahmed Mohammed Abodina,
  • Amal Abrous,
  • Lara Absil,
  • Kamal Abu Jabal,
  • Nashat Abu Salah,
  • Abdurraouf Abusalama,
  • Tareg Abdallah Abuzaid,
  • Subhash Acharya,
  • Andrew Acker,
  • Elisabeth Adam,
  • Safia Adem,
  • Manuella Ademnou,
  • Francisca Adewhajah,
  • Diana Adrião,
  • Anthony Afum-Adjei Awuah,
  • Melvin Agbogbatey,
  • Saleh Al Ageel,
  • Aya Mustafa Ahmed,
  • Musaab Mohammed Ahmed,
  • Shakeel Ahmed,
  • Zainab Ahmed Alaraji,
  • Abdulrahman Ahmed Elhefnawy Enan,
  • Reham Abdelhamid Ahmed Khalil,
  • Ali Mostafa Ahmed Mohamed Abdelaziz,
  • Kate Ainscough,
  • Eka Airlangga,
  • Tharwat Aisa,
  • Ali Aisha,
  • Bugila Aisha,
  • Ali Ait Hssain,
  • Younes Ait Tamlihat,
  • Takako Akimoto,
  • Ernita Akmal,
  • Chika Akwani,
  • Eman Al Qasim,
  • Ahmed Alajeeli,
  • Ahmed Alali,
  • Razi Alalqam,
  • Aliya Mohammed Alameen,
  • Mohammed Al-Aquily,
  • Zinah A. Alaraji,
  • Khalid Albakry,
  • Safa Albatni,
  • Angela Alberti,
  • Osama Aldabbourosama,
  • Tala Al-dabbous,
  • Amer Aldhalia,
  • Abdulkarim Aldoukali,
  • Senthilkumar Alegesan,
  • Marta Alessi,
  • Beatrice Alex,
  • Kévin Alexandre,
  • Abdulrahman Al-Fares,
  • Asil Alflite,
  • Huda Alfoudri,
  • Qamrah Alhadad,
  • Hoda Salem Alhaddad,
  • Maali Khalid Mohamed Abdalla Alhasan,
  • Ahmad Nabil Alhouri,
  • Hasan Alhouri,
  • Adam Ali,
  • Imran Ali,
  • Maha TagElser Mohammed Ali,
  • Syed Ali Abbas,
  • Yomna Ali Abdelghafar,
  • Naseem Ali Sheikh,
  • Kazali Enagnon Alidjnou,
  • Mahmoud Aljadi,
  • Sarah Aljamal,
  • Mohammed Alkahlout,
  • Akram Alkaseek,
  • Qabas Alkhafajee,
  • Clotilde Allavena,
  • Nathalie Allou,
  • Lana Almasri,
  • Abdulrahman Almjersah,
  • Raja Ahmed Alqandouz,
  • Walaa Alrfaea,
  • Moayad Alrifaee,
  • Rawan Alsaadi,
  • Yousef Al-Saba'a,
  • Entisar Alshareea,
  • Eslam Alshenawy,
  • Aneela Altaf,
  • João Melo Alves,
  • João Alves,
  • Rita Alves,
  • Joana Alves Cabrita,
  • Maria Amaral,
  • Amro Essam Amer,
  • Nur Amira,
  • Amos Amoako Adusei,
  • John Amuasi,
  • Roberto Andini,
  • Claire Andrejak,
  • Andrea Angheben,
  • François Angoulvant,
  • Sophia Ankrah,
  • Séverine Ansart,
  • Sivanesen Anthonidass,
  • Massimo Antonelli,
  • Carlos Alexandre Antunes de Brito,
  • Ardiyan Apriyana,
  • Yaseen Arabi,
  • Irene Aragao,
  • Francisco Arancibia,
  • Carolline Araujo,
  • Antonio Arcadipane,
  • Patrick Archambault,
  • Lukas Arenz,
  • Jean-Benoît Arlet,
  • Christel Arnold-Day,
  • Lovkesh Arora,
  • Rakesh Arora,
  • Elise Artaud-Macari,
  • Diptesh Aryal,
  • Angel Asensio,
  • Elizabeth A. Ashley,
  • Muhammad Ashraf,
  • Muhammad Sheharyar Ashraf,
  • Abir Ben Ashur,
  • Franklin Asiedu-Bekoe,
  • Namra Asif,
  • Mohammad Asim,
  • Grace Assi,
  • Jean Baptiste Assie,
  • Amirul Asyraf,
  • Fouda Atangana,
  • Ahmed Atia,
  • Minahel Atif,
  • Asia Atif Abdelrhman Abdallahrs,
  • Anika Atique,
  • Moad Atlowly,
  • AM Udara Lakshan Attanyake,
  • Johann Auchabie,
  • Hugues Aumaitre,
  • Adrien Auvet,
  • Abdelmalek Awad Ali Mohammed,
  • Eyvind W. Axelsen,
  • Ared Ayad,
  • Ahmed Ayman Hassan Helmi,
  • Laurène Azemar,
  • Mohammed Azizeldin,
  • Cecile Azoulay,
  • Hakeem Babatunde,
  • Benjamin Bach,
  • Delphine Bachelet,
  • Claudine Badr,
  • Roar Bævre-Jensen,
  • Nadia Baig,
  • John Kenneth Baillie,
  • J Kevin Baird,
  • Erica Bak,
  • Agamemnon Bakakos,
  • Nazreen Abu Bakar,
  • Hibah Bileid Bakeer,
  • Ashraf Bakri,
  • Andriy Bal,
  • Mohanaprasanth Balakrishnan,
  • Irene Bandoh,
  • Firouzé Bani-Sadr,
  • Renata Barbalho,
  • Nicholas Yuri Barbosa,
  • Wendy S. Barclay,
  • Saef Umar Barnett,
  • Michaela Barnikel,
  • Helena Barrasa,
  • Cleide Barrigoto,
  • Marie Bartoli,
  • Joaquín Baruch,
  • Romain Basmaci,
  • Muhammad Fadhli Hassin Basri,
  • AbdAlkarim Batool,
  • Denise Battaglini,
  • Jules Bauer,
  • Diego Fernando Bautista Rincon,
  • Denisse Bazan Dow,
  • Abigail Beane,
  • Alexandra Bedossa,
  • Ker Hong Bee,
  • Husna Begum,
  • Sylvie Behilill,
  • Albertus Beishuizen,
  • Aleksandr Beljantsev,
  • David Bellemare,
  • Anna Beltrame,
  • Beatriz Amorim Beltrão,
  • Marine Beluze,
  • Nicolas Benech,
  • Lionel Eric Benjiman,
  • Suzanne Bennett,
  • Luís Bento,
  • Jan-Erik Berdal,
  • Lamis Berdeweel,
  • Delphine Bergeaud,
  • Hazel Bergin,
  • Giulia Bertoli,
  • Lorenzo Bertolino,
  • Simon Bessis,
  • Sybille Bevilcaqua,
  • Karine Bezulier,
  • Amar Bhatt,
  • Krishna Bhavsar,
  • Isabella Bianchi,
  • Claudia Bianco,
  • Sandra Bichoka,
  • Farah Nadiah Bidin,
  • Felwa Bin Humaid,
  • Mohd Nazlin Bin Kamarudin,
  • Muhannud Binnawara,
  • Zeno Bisoffi,
  • Patrick Biston,
  • Laurent Bitker,
  • Mustapha Bittaye,
  • Jonathan Bitton,
  • Pablo Blanco-Schweizer,
  • Catherine Blier,
  • Frank Bloos,
  • Mathieu Blot,
  • Filomena Boccia,
  • Laetitia Bodenes,
  • Debby Bogaert,
  • Anne-Hélène Boivin,
  • Ariel Bolanga,
  • Isabela Bolaños,
  • Pierre-Adrien Bolze,
  • François Bompart,
  • Aurelius Bonifasius,
  • Joe Bonney,
  • Diogo Borges,
  • Raphaël Borie,
  • Hans Martin Bosse,
  • Elisabeth Botelho-Nevers,
  • Lila Bouadma,
  • Olivier Bouchaud,
  • Sabelline Bouchez,
  • Damien Bouhour,
  • Kévin Bouiller,
  • Laurence Bouillet,
  • Camile Bouisse,
  • Latsaniphone Bountthasavong,
  • Anne-Sophie Boureau,
  • John Bourke,
  • Maude Bouscambert,
  • Aurore Bousquet,
  • Marielle Boyer-Besseyre,
  • Maria Boylan,
  • Fernando Augusto Bozza,
  • Axelle Braconnier,
  • Cynthia Braga,
  • Timo Brandenburger,
  • Filipa Brás Monteiro,
  • Luca Brazzi,
  • Dorothy Breen,
  • Patrick Breen,
  • David Brewster,
  • Kathy Brickell,
  • Tessa Broadley,
  • Helen Brotherton,
  • Alex Browne,
  • Nicolas Brozzi,
  • Sonja Hjellegjerde Brunvoll,
  • Marjolein Brusse-Keizer,
  • Petra Bryda,
  • Nina Buchtele,
  • Polina Bugaeva,
  • Marielle Buisson,
  • Danilo Buonsenso,
  • Erlina Burhan,
  • Donald Buri,
  • Aidan Burrell,
  • Ingrid G. Bustos,
  • Denis Butnaru,
  • André Cabie,
  • Susana Cabral,
  • Joana Cabrita,
  • Eder Caceres,
  • Cyril Cadoz,
  • Rui Caetano Garcês,
  • Kate Calligy,
  • Jose Andres Calvache,
  • João Camões,
  • Valentine Campana,
  • Paul Campbell,
  • Josie Campisi,
  • Cecilia Canepa,
  • Mireia Cantero,
  • Janice Caoili,
  • Pauline Caraux-Paz,
  • Sheila Cárcel,
  • Filipa Cardoso,
  • Filipe Cardoso,
  • Nelson Cardoso,
  • Sofia Cardoso,
  • Simone Carelli,
  • Nicolas Carlier,
  • Thierry Carmoi,
  • Gayle Carney,
  • Inês Carqueja,
  • Marie-Christine Carret,
  • François Martin Carrier,
  • Ida Carroll,
  • Gail Carson,
  • Maire-Laure Casanova,
  • Mariana Cascão,
  • Siobhan Casey,
  • José Casimiro,
  • Bailey Cassandra,
  • Silvia Castañeda,
  • Nidyanara Castanheira,
  • Guylaine Castor-Alexandre,
  • Ivo Castro,
  • Ana Catarino,
  • François-Xavier Catherine,
  • Paolo Cattaneo,
  • Roberta Cavalin,
  • Giulio Giovanni Cavalli,
  • Alexandros Cavayas,
  • Adrian Ceccato,
  • Masaneh Ceesay,
  • Shelby Cerkovnik,
  • Minerva Cervantes-Gonzalez,
  • Muge Cevik,
  • Anissa Chair,
  • Catherine Chakveatze,
  • Adrienne Chan,
  • Meera Chand,
  • Jean-Marc Chapplain,
  • Charlotte Charpentier,
  • Julie Chas,
  • Muhammad Mobin Chaudry,
  • Jonathan Samuel Chávez Iñiguez,
  • Anjellica Chen,
  • Yih-Sharng Chen,
  • Léo Chenard,
  • Matthew Pellan Cheng,
  • Antoine Cheret,
  • Thibault Chiarabini,
  • Julian Chica,
  • Suresh Kumar Chidambaram,
  • Leong Chin Tho,
  • Catherine Chirouze,
  • Davide Chiumello,
  • Sung-Min Cho,
  • Bernard Cholley,
  • Danoy Chommanam,
  • Marie-Charlotte Chopin,
  • Yock Ping Chow,
  • Ting Soo Chow,
  • Nathaniel Christy,
  • Hiu Jian Chua,
  • Jonathan Chua,
  • Jose Pedro Cidade,
  • José Miguel Cisneros Herreros,
  • Barbara Wanjiru Citarella,
  • Anna Ciullo,
  • Jennifer Clarke,
  • Rolando Claure-Del Granado,
  • Sara Clohisey,
  • Cassidy Codan,
  • Caitriona Cody,
  • Jennifer Coles,
  • Megan Coles,
  • Gwenhaël Colin,
  • Michael Collins,
  • Pamela Combs,
  • Jennifer Connolly,
  • Marie Connor,
  • Anne Conrad,
  • Elaine Conway,
  • Graham S. Cooke,
  • Hugues Cordel,
  • Amanda Corley,
  • Sabine Cornelis,
  • Alexander Daniel Cornet,
  • Arianne Joy Corpuz,
  • Andrea Cortegiani,
  • Grégory Corvaisier,
  • Camille Couffignal,
  • Sandrine Couffin-Cadiergues,
  • Roxane Courtois,
  • Stéphanie Cousse,
  • Juthaporn Cowan,
  • Rachel Cregan,
  • Gloria Crowl,
  • Jonathan Crump,
  • Claudina Cruz,
  • Marc Csete,
  • Ailbhe Cullen,
  • Matthew Cummings,
  • Gerard Curley,
  • Elodie Curlier,
  • Colleen Curran,
  • Paula Custodio,
  • Ana da Silva Filipe,
  • Charlene Da Silveira,
  • Al-Awwab Dabaliz,
  • Andrew Dagens,
  • John Arne Dahl,
  • Darren Dahly,
  • Umberto D'Alessandro,
  • Peter Daley,
  • Zaina Dalloul,
  • Heidi Dalton,
  • Jo Dalton,
  • Seamus Daly,
  • Juliana Damas,
  • Joycelyn Dame,
  • Cammandji Damien,
  • Nick Daneman,
  • Jorge Dantas,
  • Frédérick D'Aragon,
  • Gillian de Loughry,
  • Diego de Mendoza,
  • Etienne De Montmollin,
  • Rafael Freitas de Oliveira França,
  • Ana Isabel de Pinho Oliveira,
  • Rosanna De Rosa,
  • Cristina De Rose,
  • Thushan de Silva,
  • Peter de Vries,
  • Jillian Deacon,
  • David Dean,
  • Alexa Debard,
  • Bianca DeBenedictis,
  • Marie-Pierre Debray,
  • Nathalie DeCastro,
  • William Dechert,
  • Romain Decours,
  • Eve Defous,
  • Isabelle Delacroix,
  • Alexandre Delamou,
  • Eric Delaveuve,
  • Karen Delavigne,
  • Nathalie M. Delfos,
  • Ionna Deligiannis,
  • Andrea Dell'Amore,
  • Christelle Delmas,
  • Pierre Delobel,
  • Corine Delsing,
  • Elisa Demonchy,
  • Emmanuelle Denis,
  • Dominique Deplanque,
  • Pieter Depuydt,
  • Diane Descamps,
  • Mathilde Desvallées,
  • Santi Dewayanti,
  • Pathik Dhangar,
  • Alpha Diallo,
  • Souleymane Taran Diallo,
  • Sylvain Diamantis,
  • André Dias,
  • Fernanda Dias Da Silva,
  • Rodrigo Diaz,
  • Juan Jose Diaz,
  • Priscila Diaz,
  • Bakary K. Dibba,
  • Kévin Didier,
  • Jean-Luc Diehl,
  • Wim Dieperink,
  • Jérôme Dimet,
  • Vincent Dinot,
  • Fara Diop,
  • Alphonsine Diouf,
  • Yael Dishon,
  • Cedric Djadda,
  • Félix Djossou,
  • Annemarie B. Docherty,
  • Helen Doherty,
  • Arjen M. Dondorp,
  • Christl A. Donnelly,
  • Yoann Donohue,
  • Sean Donohue,
  • Peter Doran,
  • Céline Dorival,
  • Eric D'Ortenzio,
  • Yash Doshi,
  • Phouvieng Douangdala,
  • James Joshua Douglas,
  • Renee Douma,
  • Nathalie Dournon,
  • Joanne Downey,
  • Mark Downing,
  • Thomas Drake,
  • Aoife Driscoll,
  • Ibrahim Kwaku Duah,
  • Claudio Duarte Fonseca,
  • Vincent Dubee,
  • François Dubos,
  • Audrey Dubot-Pérès,
  • Alexandre Ducancelle,
  • Toni Duculan,
  • Susanne Dudman,
  • Abhijit Duggal,
  • Paul Dunand,
  • Jake Dunning,
  • Mathilde Duplaix,
  • Emanuele Durante-Mangoni,
  • Lucian Durham, III,
  • Bertrand Dussol,
  • Juliette Duthoit,
  • Xavier Duval,
  • Anne Margarita Dyrhol-Riise,
  • Sim Choon Ean,
  • Ada Ebo,
  • Marco Echeverria-Villalobos,
  • Michael Edelstein,
  • Siobhan Egan,
  • Linn Margrete Eggesbø,
  • Khadeja Ehzaz,
  • Carla Eira,
  • Mohammed El Sanharawi,
  • Marwan El Sayed,
  • Mohammed Elabid,
  • Mohamed Bashir Elagili,
  • Subbarao Elapavaluru,
  • Mohammad Elbahnasawy,
  • Sohail Elboshra,
  • Brigitte Elharrar,
  • Jacobien Ellerbroek,
  • Merete Ellingjord-Dale,
  • Hamida ELMagrahi,
  • Mohammad Muatasm Elmubark,
  • Loubna Elotmani,
  • Lauren Eloundou,
  • Philippine Eloy,
  • Basma Elshaikhy,
  • Tarek Elshazly,
  • Wafa Elsokni,
  • Aml Ahmed Eltayeb,
  • Iqbal Elyazar,
  • Zarief Kamel Emad,
  • Hussein Embarek,
  • Isabelle Enderle,
  • Tomoyuki Endo,
  • Gervais Eneli,
  • Chan Chee Eng,
  • Ilka Engelmann,
  • Vincent Enouf,
  • Olivier Epaulard,
  • Haneen Esaadi,
  • Mariano Esperatti,
  • Hélène Esperou,
  • Catarina Espírito Santo,
  • Marina Esposito-Farese,
  • Rachel Essaka,
  • Lorinda Essuman,
  • João Estevão,
  • Manuel Etienne,
  • Anna Greti Everding,
  • Mirjam Evers,
  • Isabelle Fabre,
  • Marc Fabre,
  • Ismaila Fadera,
  • Asgad Osman Abdalla Fadlalla,
  • Amna Faheem,
  • Arabella Fahy,
  • Cameron J. Fairfield,
  • Zul Fakar,
  • Komal Fareed,
  • Pedro Faria,
  • Ahmed Farooq,
  • Hanan Fateena,
  • Mohamed Fathi,
  • Salem Fatima,
  • Arie Zainul Fatoni,
  • Karine Faure,
  • Raphaël Favory,
  • Mohamed Fayed,
  • Niamh Feely,
  • Jorge Fernandes,
  • Marília Andreia Fernandes,
  • Susana Fernandes,
  • François-Xavier Ferrand,
  • Eglantine Ferrand Devouge,
  • Joana Ferrão,
  • Mário Ferraz,
  • Benigno Ferreira,
  • Isabel Ferreira,
  • Bernardo Ferreira,
  • Sílvia Ferreira,
  • Nicolas Ferriere,
  • Céline Ficko,
  • Claudia Figueiredo-Mello,
  • William Finlayson,
  • Thomas Flament,
  • Tom Fletcher,
  • Aline-Marie Florence,
  • Letizia Lucia Florio,
  • Brigid Flynn,
  • Deirdre Flynn,
  • Jean Foley,
  • Victor Fomin,
  • Tatiana Fonseca,
  • Patricia Fontela,
  • Karen Forrest,
  • Simon Forsyth,
  • Denise Foster,
  • Giuseppe Foti,
  • Berline Fotso,
  • Erwan Fourn,
  • Robert A. Fowler,
  • Marianne Fraher,
  • Diego Franch-Llasat,
  • Christophe Fraser,
  • John F. Fraser,
  • Marcela Vieira Freire,
  • Ana Freitas Ribeiro,
  • Craig French,
  • Caren Friedrich,
  • Ricardo Fritz,
  • Stéphanie Fry,
  • Nora Fuentes,
  • Masahiro Fukuda,
  • G. Argin,
  • Valérie Gaborieau,
  • Rostane Gaci,
  • Massimo Gagliardi,
  • Jean-Charles Gagnard,
  • Amandine Gagneux-Brunon,
  • Abdou Gai,
  • Sérgio Gaião,
  • Linda Gail Skeie,
  • Adham Mohamed Galal Mohamed Ramadan,
  • Phil Gallagher,
  • Carrol Gamble,
  • Yasmin Gani,
  • Arthur Garan,
  • Rebekha Garcia,
  • Julia Garcia-Diaz,
  • Esteban Garcia-Gallo,
  • Navya Garimella,
  • Denis Garot,
  • Valérie Garrait,
  • Basanta Gauli,
  • Anatoliy Gavrylov,
  • Alexandre Gaymard,
  • Johannes Gebauer,
  • Eva Geraud,
  • Louis Gerbaud Morlaes,
  • Nuno Germano,
  • Malak Ghemmeid,
  • Praveen Kumar Ghisulal,
  • Jade Ghosn,
  • Marco Giani,
  • Tristan Gigante,
  • Elaine Gilroy,
  • Guillermo Giordano,
  • Michelle Girvan,
  • Valérie Gissot,
  • Gezy Giwangkancana,
  • Daniel Glikman,
  • Petr Glybochko,
  • Eric Gnall,
  • Geraldine Goco,
  • François Goehringer,
  • Siri Goepel,
  • Jean-Christophe Goffard,
  • Jin Yi Goh,
  • Brigitta Golács,
  • Jonathan Golob,
  • Kyle Gomez,
  • Joan Gómez-Junyent,
  • Marie Gominet,
  • Alicia Gonzalez,
  • Patricia Gordon,
  • Isabelle Gorenne,
  • Laure Goubert,
  • Cécile Goujard,
  • Tiphaine Goulenok,
  • Margarite Grable,
  • Jeronimo Graf,
  • Edward Wilson Grandin,
  • Pascal Granier,
  • Giacomo Grasselli,
  • Lorenzo Grazioli,
  • Christopher A. Green,
  • Courtney Greene,
  • William Greenhalf,
  • Segolène Greffe,
  • Domenico Luca Grieco,
  • Matthew Griffee,
  • Fiona Griffiths,
  • Ioana Grigoras,
  • Albert Groenendijk,
  • Fassou Mathias Grovogui,
  • Heidi Gruner,
  • Yusing Gu,
  • Jérémie Guedj,
  • Martin Guego,
  • Anne-Marie Guerguerian,
  • Daniela Guerreiro,
  • Romain Guery,
  • Anne Guillaumot,
  • Laurent Guilleminault,
  • Maisa Guimarães de Castro,
  • Thomas Guimard,
  • Marieke Haalboom,
  • Daniel Haber,
  • Ali Hachemi,
  • Abdurrahman Haddud,
  • Nadir Hadri,
  • Wael Hafez,
  • Fakhir Raza Haidri,
  • Fatima Mhd Rida Hajij,
  • Sheeba Hakak,
  • Adam Hall,
  • Matthew Hall,
  • Sophie Halpin,
  • Shaher Hamdan,
  • Abdelhafeez Hamdi,
  • Jawad Hameed,
  • Ansley Hamer,
  • Raph L. Hamers,
  • Rebecca Hamidfar,
  • Bato Hammarström,
  • Naomi Hammond,
  • Terese Hammond,
  • Lim Yuen Han,
  • Matly Hanan,
  • Rashan Haniffa,
  • Kok Wei Hao,
  • Hayley Hardwick,
  • Ewen M. Harrison,
  • Janet Harrison,
  • Samuel Bernard Ekow Harrison,
  • Alan Hartman,
  • Sulieman Hasan,
  • Mohammad Ali Nabil Hasan,
  • Mohd Shahnaz Hasan,
  • Junaid Hashmi,
  • Madiha Hashmi,
  • Amoni Hassan,
  • Ebtisam Hassanin,
  • Muhammad Hayat,
  • Ailbhe Hayes,
  • Leanne Hays,
  • Jan Heerman,
  • Lars Heggelund,
  • Ahmed Helmi,
  • Ross Hendry,
  • Martina Hennessy,
  • Aquiles Rodrigo Henriquez-Trujillo,
  • Maxime Hentzien,
  • Diana Hernandez,
  • Andrew Hershey,
  • Liv Hesstvedt,
  • Astarini Hidayah,
  • Eibhlin Higgins,
  • Rupert Higgins,
  • Samuel Hinton,
  • Hiroaki Hiraiwa,
  • Haider Hirkani,
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Journal volume & issue
Vol. 10, no. 10
p. e29591

Abstract

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Background: COVID-19 is primarily known as a respiratory illness; however, many patients present to hospital without respiratory symptoms. The association between non-respiratory presentations of COVID-19 and outcomes remains unclear. We investigated risk factors and clinical outcomes in patients with no respiratory symptoms (NRS) and respiratory symptoms (RS) at hospital admission. Methods: This study describes clinical features, physiological parameters, and outcomes of hospitalised COVID-19 patients, stratified by the presence or absence of respiratory symptoms at hospital admission. RS patients had one or more of: cough, shortness of breath, sore throat, runny nose or wheezing; while NRS patients did not. Results: Of 178,640 patients in the study, 86.4 % presented with RS, while 13.6 % had NRS. NRS patients were older (median age: NRS: 74 vs RS: 65) and less likely to be admitted to the ICU (NRS: 36.7 % vs RS: 37.5 %). NRS patients had a higher crude in-hospital case-fatality ratio (NRS 41.1 % vs. RS 32.0 %), but a lower risk of death after adjusting for confounders (HR 0.88 [0.83–0.93]). Conclusion: Approximately one in seven COVID-19 patients presented at hospital admission without respiratory symptoms. These patients were older, had lower ICU admission rates, and had a lower risk of in-hospital mortality after adjusting for confounders.

Keywords