Journal of Clinical Medicine (Jun 2024)
Advancements in Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Imaging and Future Frontiers
- Luigi Asmundo,
- Francesco Rizzetto,
- Michael Blake,
- Mark Anderson,
- Amirkasra Mojtahed,
- William Bradley,
- Anuradha Shenoy-Bhangle,
- Carlos Fernandez-del Castillo,
- Motaz Qadan,
- Cristina Ferrone,
- Jeffrey Clark,
- Valentina Ambrosini,
- Maria Picchio,
- Paola Mapelli,
- Laura Evangelista,
- Doris Leithner,
- Konstantin Nikolaou,
- Stephan Ursprung,
- Stefano Fanti,
- Angelo Vanzulli,
- Onofrio Antonio Catalano
Affiliations
- Luigi Asmundo
- Postgraduation School in Radiodiagnostics, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Francesco Rizzetto
- Postgraduation School in Radiodiagnostics, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Michael Blake
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Mark Anderson
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Amirkasra Mojtahed
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- William Bradley
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Anuradha Shenoy-Bhangle
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Carlos Fernandez-del Castillo
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Motaz Qadan
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Cristina Ferrone
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
- Jeffrey Clark
- Department of Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Valentina Ambrosini
- Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Maria Picchio
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Paola Mapelli
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Laura Evangelista
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, Pieve Emanuele, 20072 Milan, Italy
- Doris Leithner
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Konstantin Nikolaou
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Osianderstraße 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Stephan Ursprung
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Osianderstraße 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Stefano Fanti
- Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Angelo Vanzulli
- Department of Radiology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 3, 20162 Milan, Italy
- Onofrio Antonio Catalano
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13113281
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 13,
no. 11
p. 3281
Abstract
Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are a diverse group of tumors with varying clinical behaviors. Their incidence has risen due to increased awareness, improved diagnostics, and aging populations. The 2019 World Health Organization classification emphasizes integrating radiology and histopathology to characterize NENs and create personalized treatment plans. Imaging methods like CT, MRI, and PET/CT are crucial for detection, staging, treatment planning, and monitoring, but each of them poses different interpretative challenges and none are immune to pitfalls. Treatment options include surgery, targeted therapies, and chemotherapy, based on the tumor type, stage, and patient-specific factors. This review aims to provide insights into the latest developments and challenges in NEN imaging, diagnosis, and management.
Keywords
