Effect of High Energy Low Protein Diet on Lipid Metabolism and Inflammation in the Liver and Abdominal Adipose Tissue of Laying Hens

Xiaxia Du; Yinuo Wang; Felix Kwame Amevor; Zifan Ning; Xun Deng; Youhao Wu; Shuo Wei; Xueqing Cao; Dan Xu; Yaofu Tian; Lin Ye; Gang Shu; Xiaoling Zhao

doi:10.3390/ani14081199

Animals (Apr 2024)

Effect of High Energy Low Protein Diet on Lipid Metabolism and Inflammation in the Liver and Abdominal Adipose Tissue of Laying Hens

Xiaxia Du,
Yinuo Wang,
Felix Kwame Amevor,
Zifan Ning,
Xun Deng,
Youhao Wu,
Shuo Wei,
Xueqing Cao,
Dan Xu,
Yaofu Tian,
Lin Ye,
Gang Shu,
Xiaoling Zhao

Affiliations

Xiaxia Du: State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
Yinuo Wang: State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
Felix Kwame Amevor: State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
Zifan Ning: State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
Xun Deng: State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
Youhao Wu: State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
Shuo Wei: State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
Xueqing Cao: State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
Dan Xu: State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
Yaofu Tian: State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
Lin Ye: State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
Gang Shu: Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
Xiaoling Zhao: State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14081199
Journal volume & issue: Vol. 14, no. 8
p. 1199

Abstract

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a high-energy low-protein (HELP) diet on lipid metabolism and inflammation in the liver and abdominal adipose tissue (AAT) of laying hens. A total of 200 Roman laying hens (120 days old) were randomly divided into two experimental groups: negative control group (NC group) and HELP group, with 100 hens per group. The chickens in the NC group were fed with a basic diet, whereas those in the HELP group were given a HELP diet. Blood, liver, and AAT samples were collected from 20 chickens per group at each experimental time point (30, 60, and 90 d). The morphological and histological changes in the liver and AAT were observed, and the level of serum biochemical indicators and the relative expression abundance of key related genes were determined. The results showed that on day 90, the chickens in the HELP group developed hepatic steatosis and inflammation. However, the diameter of the adipocytes of AAT in the HELP group was significantly larger than that of the NC group. Furthermore, the results showed that the extension of the feeding time significantly increased the lipid contents, lipid deposition, inflammatory parameters, and peroxide levels in the HELP group compared with the NC group, whereas the antioxidant parameters decreased significantly. The mRNA expression levels of genes related to lipid synthesis such as fatty acid synthase (FASN), stearoyl-coA desaturase (SCD), fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) increased significantly in the liver and AAT of the HELP group, whereas genes related to lipid catabolism decreased significantly in the liver. In addition, the expression of genes related to lipid transport and adipokine synthesis decreased significantly in the AAT, whereas in the HELP group, the expression levels of pro-inflammatory parameters such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) increased significantly in the liver and AAT. Conversely, the expression level of the anti-inflammatory parameter interleukin-10 (IL-10) decreased significantly in the liver. The results indicated that the HELP diet induced lipid peroxidation and inflammation in the liver and AAT of the laying hens. Hence, these results suggest that chicken AAT may be involved in the development of fatty liver.

Published in Animals

ISSN: 2076-2615 (Online)
Publisher: MDPI AG
Country of publisher: Switzerland
LCC subjects: Agriculture: Animal culture: Veterinary medicine; Science: Zoology
Website: http://www.mdpi.com/journal/animals/

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