Visual fixations rather than saccades dominate the developmental eye movement test

Abstract

Abstract When children have visual and/or oculomotor deficits, early diagnosis is critical for rehabilitation. The developmental eye movement (DEM) test is a visual-verbal number naming test that aims to measure oculomotor dysfunction in children by comparing scores on a horizontal and vertical subtest. However, empirical comparison of oculomotor behavior during the two subtests is missing. Here, we measured eye movements of healthy children while they performed a digital version of the DEM. In addition, we measured visual processing speed using the Speed Acuity test. We found that parameters of saccade behavior, such as the number, amplitude, and direction of saccades, correlated with performance on the horizontal, but not the vertical subtest. However, the time spent on making saccades was very short compared to the time spent on number fixations and the total time needed for either subtest. Fixation durations correlated positively with performance on both subtests and co-varied tightly with visual processing speed. Accordingly, horizontal and vertical DEM scores showed a strong positive correlation with visual processing speed. We therefore conclude that the DEM is not suitable to measure saccade behavior, but can be a useful indicator of visual-verbal naming skills, visual processing speed, and other cognitive factors of clinical relevance.