Frontiers in Immunology (May 2021)
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Macrophage Extracellular Traps Predict Postoperative Recurrence in Resectable Nonfunctional Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
- Shuai-Shuai Xu,
- Shuai-Shuai Xu,
- Shuai-Shuai Xu,
- Shuai-Shuai Xu,
- Hao Li,
- Hao Li,
- Hao Li,
- Hao Li,
- Tian-Jiao Li,
- Tian-Jiao Li,
- Tian-Jiao Li,
- Tian-Jiao Li,
- Shuo Li,
- Shuo Li,
- Shuo Li,
- Shuo Li,
- Huan-Yu Xia,
- Huan-Yu Xia,
- Huan-Yu Xia,
- Huan-Yu Xia,
- Jiang Long,
- Jiang Long,
- Jiang Long,
- Jiang Long,
- Chun-Tao Wu,
- Chun-Tao Wu,
- Chun-Tao Wu,
- Chun-Tao Wu,
- Wen-Quan Wang,
- Wen-Quan Wang,
- Wen-Quan Wang,
- Wen-Quan Wang,
- Wu-Hu Zhang,
- Wu-Hu Zhang,
- Wu-Hu Zhang,
- Wu-Hu Zhang,
- He-Li Gao,
- He-Li Gao,
- He-Li Gao,
- He-Li Gao,
- Xuan Han,
- Xuan Han,
- Xuan Han,
- Xuan Han,
- Long-Yun Ye,
- Long-Yun Ye,
- Long-Yun Ye,
- Long-Yun Ye,
- Xuan Lin,
- Xuan Lin,
- Xuan Lin,
- Xuan Lin,
- Hua-Xiang Xu,
- Hua-Xiang Xu,
- Hua-Xiang Xu,
- Hua-Xiang Xu,
- Xian-Jun Yu,
- Xian-Jun Yu,
- Xian-Jun Yu,
- Xian-Jun Yu,
- Liang Liu,
- Liang Liu,
- Liang Liu,
- Liang Liu
Affiliations
- Shuai-Shuai Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Shuai-Shuai Xu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shuai-Shuai Xu
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Shuai-Shuai Xu
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Hao Li
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Hao Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Hao Li
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Hao Li
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Tian-Jiao Li
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Tian-Jiao Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Tian-Jiao Li
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Tian-Jiao Li
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shuo Li
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Shuo Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shuo Li
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Shuo Li
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Huan-Yu Xia
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Huan-Yu Xia
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Huan-Yu Xia
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Huan-Yu Xia
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Jiang Long
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Jiang Long
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Jiang Long
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Jiang Long
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Chun-Tao Wu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Chun-Tao Wu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Chun-Tao Wu
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Chun-Tao Wu
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Wen-Quan Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Wen-Quan Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Wen-Quan Wang
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Wen-Quan Wang
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Wu-Hu Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Wu-Hu Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Wu-Hu Zhang
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Wu-Hu Zhang
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- He-Li Gao
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- He-Li Gao
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- He-Li Gao
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- He-Li Gao
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Xuan Han
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Xuan Han
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Xuan Han
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Xuan Han
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Long-Yun Ye
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Long-Yun Ye
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Long-Yun Ye
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Long-Yun Ye
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Xuan Lin
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Xuan Lin
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Xuan Lin
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Xuan Lin
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Hua-Xiang Xu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Hua-Xiang Xu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Hua-Xiang Xu
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Hua-Xiang Xu
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Xian-Jun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Xian-Jun Yu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Xian-Jun Yu
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Xian-Jun Yu
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Liang Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Liang Liu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Liang Liu
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
- Liang Liu
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.577517
- Journal volume & issue
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Vol. 12
Abstract
BackgroundExtracellular traps (ETs) and tumor-infiltrating immune cells can contribute to disease progression. The clinical significance of tumor-infiltrating neutrophils and macrophages and related extracellular traps in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (pNETs) has not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to explore the prognostic value of tumor infiltration and ET formation by neutrophils and macrophages in pNETs.MethodsA total of 135 patients with radical resection of nonfunctional pNETs were analyzed retrospectively. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were utilized to stain tumor tissue sections. The recurrence-free survival (RFS) of subgroups determined by Kaplan-Meier analysis was compared with the log-rank test. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to identify independent prognostic factors. A nomogram was established to predict 3-year RFS.ResultsPatients with high tumor-infiltrating neutrophils or macrophages or positive expression of neutrophils ETs or macrophage ETs displayed worse RFS (all p<0.05). Moreover, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses showed that neutrophil and macrophage infiltration and ETs were independent prognostic factors for RFS (all p<0.05). A combined parameter including WHO grade, TNM stage, tumor-infiltrating neutrophils and macrophages, and neutrophil and macrophage ETs had the highest C-index (0.866) and lowest Akaike information criteria (326.557). The calibration plot of nomogram composed of the combined parameter exhibited excellent prognostic values for 3-year RFS.ConclusionsInfiltration and ETs by neutrophils and macrophages can be used as biological indicators of patient prognosis, suggesting the treatment potential for targeting those in nonfunctional pNETs.
Keywords
- prognosis
- extracellular traps
- macrophages
- neutrophils
- nonfunctional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor
- nomogram
