Patologìâ (Apr 2016)
Current methods of the modeling of experimental diabetes mellitus type 2: a literature review
Abstract
Background. Diabetes mellitus (DM) became a major problem of the healthcare in Ukraine. The rapid increase in the incidence was noticed especially in recent decade. The treatment of diabetes and its complications become a difficult task. From this standpoint the experimental modeling of diabetes is rather essential. Using the experimental models gives the possibility to assess the significance of the activity of pharmacological substances or to find out new mechanism in the action of medicaments. The aim of this review is to light up the most studied and common experimental models of diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) in small rodents and find out their drawbacks. It is known the background of T2DM is the violation of the insulin homeostasis such as the resistance of peripheral tissues to insulin as well as the dysfunction of the pancreatic beta-cells, which both lead to appearance of such phenomena as the glucosetoxicity and the lipotoxicity. In the end they both could result in life threatening vascular complications. Considering the steady growth of T2DM patients, the development both of the drug and non-drug methods of its treatment with the high therapeutically efficiency and the perfect safety profile becomes essential. The most important stage of the search of new ways of influence on pathogenetic links of T2DM is the preclinical stage. From this standpoint the usage of experimental models of T2DM has a huge importance. There are a lot of models of T2DM developed by different scientists. These models could be spontaneous or be induced by different chemical diabetogenic substances, diet or surgical interventions or be a combination of methods listed above. Conclusions. We should underline the adequate modeling of DM2T is the necessary basis for the pre-clinical study of drug-based and not-drug methods of correction of the hyperglycemic states. Using different models makes it possible for infer the obtained experimental results to the society, which suffers from DM2T.
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