The Microstructure, Morphology, and Mechanical Properties of Sol–Gel-Derived Amorphous Aluminum Oxide Films

Abstract

Amorphous alumina films are isotropic and have no grain boundaries, which make them have smooth surfaces, excellent properties, and wide applications in protective coatings, catalysis, and microelectronics. However, high-quality alumina films were usually prepared by vapor-phase approaches which need expensive equipment and long production time. Additionally, amorphous films are long-range disordered, which makes the study of structure–property relationships challenging. Here, a simple sol–gel method is employed to obtain high-quality amorphous Al2O3 thin films. The microstructure, morphology, and mechanical properties of amorphous Al2O3 thin films were systematically investigated. All the Al2O3 thin films heat-treated at 600–800∘C are in amorphous state with ultrasmooth surface (Ra values about 0.29–0.43 nm) and high mechanical properties (elastic modulus ∼170[Formula: see text]GPa, hardness ∼20[Formula: see text]GPa). The mechanical properties (E and H) of Al2O3 films gradually increase with the increase of heat-treating temperature. Additionally, the Al coordination of the amorphous alumina films are analyzed by solid-state NMR and correlated with the mechanical properties. The results show that in amorphous alumina, the presence of tetrahedral Al ([4]Al) and octahedral Al ([6]Al) is helpful to improve the mechanical properties, while the five-coordinated Al ([5]Al) is not conducive to improve the mechanical properties. The results demonstrate that sol–gel method is an attractive alternative to time-consuming and expensive vapor-phase approaches and are useful for scale-up to applications and research of amorphous alumina films.

Keywords

• Al2O3
• mechanical properties
• nanofilms
• sol–gel processes
• glass