Zasoby odpornościowe i czynniki ryzyka a używanie alkoholu i marihuany w okresie wczesnej dorosłości

Abstract

Introduction: The aim of the study was an attempt at defining the risk factors and immunity resources allowing prediction of the use and abuse of alcohol and marijuana in early adulthood. Temperament and character traits, anxiety levels, self-destructive tendencies and style of coping with stress were examined. Method: The research sample included 166 secondary school students aged 18–20 years defined by targeted selection. The following questionnaires were used: AUDIT, Spielberger et al.’s State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Kelley et al.’s Chronic Self-destructiveness Scale, Endler and Parker's Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations and Cloninger et al.’s Temperament and Character Inventory. Results: A relationship was demonstrated between temperament and character traits, style of coping with stress, self-destructive tendencies and marijuana/alcohol use (p < 0.05). Temperament and character traits included exploratory excitability, disorderliness, sentimentality, bad habits, vindictiveness and advantage of personal benefits. Among stress-coping styles, important significance was ascribed to emotion-oriented strategy. No significant relationship was found between psychoactive substance use and declared anxiety level. Conclusions: Alcohol and marijuana users significantly differ from abstainers as regards temperament and character traits, manifested, e.g. by a higher degree of exploratory excitability, unconventionality, lower tolerance to monotony, poorer discipline and control in frustrating situations. As regards stress-coping styles – marijuana and alcohol users are worse at coping with frustration, and they tend to focus attention on themselves and their emotional problems. The investigation on the severity of self-destructive tendencies showed that psychoactive substance users have a tendency to initiate intentional suffering and failures, give in to temptation easily and show addictive tendencies.

Keywords

• czynniki ryzyka
• zasoby odpornościowe
• wczesna dorosłość
• używanie substancji psychoaktywnych
• marihuana
• alkohol