Interactive Effect of Biological Agents Chitosan, Lentinan and Ningnanmycin on Papaya Ringspot Virus Resistance in Papaya (<i>Carica papaya</i> L.)

Abstract

The papaya industry is mainly impacted by viral diseases, especially papaya ringspot disease (PRSD) caused by papaya ringspot virus (PRSV). So far, research on the interaction between Chitosan, Lentinan and Ningnanmycin on PRSD has not been reported. This research studied the controlled and interactive effect of three biological agents, namely, Chitosan (C), Lentinan (L) and Ningnanmycin (N), on PRSV in papaya, individually and collectively. The changes in disease index, controlled effect, Peroxidase (POD), Polyphenol oxidase (PPO), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), growth and development of plants were observed at the seedling stage, in pots, and at the fruiting stage, in the field. The appearance and nutrient contents of fruits were measured during the fruit stage. The disease index of PRSV, at seedling and fruiting stages, was significantly lower for chitosan, lentinan and ningnanmycin and their interactive effect, compared to a control check treatment. The activity of the defense enzymes could be improved by the three kinds of biological agents and their interactive effect, especially lentinan and ningnanmycin. The chlorophyll content, plant height, stem diameter and fruit quality rose significantly under chitosan, lentinan and ningnanmycin treatments. The interaction of LN could inhibit PRSV disease at the seedling and fruiting stages of papaya, and promote the growth of plants and the quality of fruit at the fruit stage. Hence, this study provides the theoretical foundation for the biological control of papaya ringspot disease.

Keywords

• papaya
• PRSV
• biological agents
• disease resistance
• differentially expressed genes