The Astrophysical Journal (Jan 2024)
Do All Fast Radio Bursts Repeat? Constraints from CHIME/FRB Far Sidelobe FRBs
- Hsiu-Hsien Lin,
- Paul Scholz,
- Cherry Ng,
- Ue-Li Pen,
- Mohit Bhardwaj,
- Pragya Chawla,
- Alice P. Curtin,
- Dongzi Li,
- Laura Newburgh,
- Alex Reda,
- Ketan R. Sand,
- Shriharsh P. Tendulkar,
- Bridget Andersen,
- Kevin Bandura,
- Charanjot Brar,
- Tomas Cassanelli,
- Amanda M. Cook,
- Matt Dobbs,
- Fengqiu Adam Dong,
- Gwendolyn Eadie,
- Emmanuel Fonseca,
- B. M. Gaensler,
- Utkarsh Giri,
- Antonio Herrera-Martin,
- Alex S. Hill,
- Jane Kaczmarek,
- Joseph Kania,
- Victoria Kaspi,
- Kholoud Khairy,
- Adam E. Lanman,
- Calvin Leung,
- Kiyoshi W. Masui,
- Juan Mena-Parra,
- Bradley Ward Meyers,
- Daniele Michilli,
- Nikola Milutinovic,
- Anna Ordog,
- Aaron B. Pearlman,
- Ziggy Pleunis,
- Masoud Rafiei-Ravandi,
- Mubdi Rahman,
- Scott Ransom,
- Pranav Sanghavi,
- Kaitlyn Shin,
- Kendrick Smith,
- Ingrid Stairs,
- David C Stenning,
- Keith Vanderlinde,
- Dallas Wulf
Affiliations
- Hsiu-Hsien Lin
- ORCiD
- Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics , Academia Sinica, Astronomy-Mathematics Building, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics , 60 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada
- Paul Scholz
- ORCiD
- Dunlap Institute for Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Toronto , 50 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada ; [email protected]; Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University , 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON MJ3 1P3, Canada
- Cherry Ng
- ORCiD
- Dunlap Institute for Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Toronto , 50 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada ; [email protected]; Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l’Environnement et de l’Espace, Université d’Orléans / CNRS , 45071 Orléans Cedex 02, France
- Ue-Li Pen
- ORCiD
- Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics , Academia Sinica, Astronomy-Mathematics Building, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan; Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics , 60 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada; Dunlap Institute for Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Toronto , 50 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada ; [email protected]; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research , MaRS Centre, West Tower, 661 University Avenue, Suite 505, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada; Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics , 31 Caroline Street N, Waterloo, ON N25 2YL, Canada
- Mohit Bhardwaj
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University , 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, 15213 PA, USA
- Pragya Chawla
- ORCiD
- Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam , Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Alice P. Curtin
- ORCiD
- Trottier Space Institute, McGill University , 3550 rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2A7, Canada; Department of Physics, McGill University , 3600 rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada
- Dongzi Li
- ORCiD
- Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology , 1216 E California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Laura Newburgh
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Yale University , New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Alex Reda
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Yale University , New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Ketan R. Sand
- ORCiD
- Trottier Space Institute, McGill University , 3550 rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2A7, Canada; Department of Physics, McGill University , 3600 rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada
- Shriharsh P. Tendulkar
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research , Mumbai, 400005, India; National Centre for Radio Astrophysics , Post Bag 3, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, India
- Bridget Andersen
- ORCiD
- Trottier Space Institute, McGill University , 3550 rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2A7, Canada; Department of Physics, McGill University , 3600 rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada
- Kevin Bandura
- ORCiD
- Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University , 1220 Evansdale Drive, PO Box 6109 Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; Center for Gravitational Waves and Cosmology, West Virginia University , Chestnut Ridge Research Building, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
- Charanjot Brar
- ORCiD
- Trottier Space Institute, McGill University , 3550 rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2A7, Canada; Department of Physics, McGill University , 3600 rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada
- Tomas Cassanelli
- ORCiD
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Universidad de Chile , Av. Tupper 2007, Santiago 8370451, Chile
- Amanda M. Cook
- ORCiD
- Dunlap Institute for Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Toronto , 50 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada ; [email protected]; David A. Dunlap Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Toronto , 50 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada
- Matt Dobbs
- ORCiD
- Trottier Space Institute, McGill University , 3550 rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2A7, Canada; Department of Physics, McGill University , 3600 rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada
- Fengqiu Adam Dong
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia , 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Gwendolyn Eadie
- ORCiD
- David A. Dunlap Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Toronto , 50 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada; Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Toronto , Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada
- Emmanuel Fonseca
- ORCiD
- Center for Gravitational Waves and Cosmology, West Virginia University , Chestnut Ridge Research Building, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA; Department of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University , P.O. Box 6315, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
- B. M. Gaensler
- ORCiD
- Dunlap Institute for Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Toronto , 50 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada ; [email protected]; David A. Dunlap Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Toronto , 50 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada
- Utkarsh Giri
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison , 1150 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Antonio Herrera-Martin
- ORCiD
- David A. Dunlap Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Toronto , 50 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada
- Alex S. Hill
- ORCiD
- Department of Computer Science, Math, Physics, & Statistics, University of British Columbia , Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada; Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory, Herzberg Research Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics , National Research Council Canada, PO Box 248, Penticton, BC V2A 6J9, Canada
- Jane Kaczmarek
- ORCiD
- Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory, Herzberg Research Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics , National Research Council Canada, PO Box 248, Penticton, BC V2A 6J9, Canada; CSIRO Space & Astronomy , Parkes Observatory, P.O. Box 276, Parkes NSW 2870, Australia
- Joseph Kania
- ORCiD
- Center for Gravitational Waves and Cosmology, West Virginia University , Chestnut Ridge Research Building, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA; Department of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University , P.O. Box 6315, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
- Victoria Kaspi
- ORCiD
- Trottier Space Institute, McGill University , 3550 rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2A7, Canada; Department of Physics, McGill University , 3600 rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada
- Kholoud Khairy
- ORCiD
- Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University , 1220 Evansdale Drive, PO Box 6109 Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; Center for Gravitational Waves and Cosmology, West Virginia University , Chestnut Ridge Research Building, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
- Adam E. Lanman
- ORCiD
- Trottier Space Institute, McGill University , 3550 rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2A7, Canada; Department of Physics, McGill University , 3600 rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada
- Calvin Leung
- ORCiD
- MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Kiyoshi W. Masui
- ORCiD
- MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Juan Mena-Parra
- ORCiD
- Dunlap Institute for Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Toronto , 50 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada ; [email protected]; David A. Dunlap Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Toronto , 50 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada
- Bradley Ward Meyers
- ORCiD
- International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research (ICRAR), Curtin University , Bentley WA 6102, Australia
- Daniele Michilli
- ORCiD
- MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Nikola Milutinovic
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia , 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Anna Ordog
- ORCiD
- Department of Computer Science, Math, Physics, & Statistics, University of British Columbia , Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada; Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory, Herzberg Research Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics , National Research Council Canada, PO Box 248, Penticton, BC V2A 6J9, Canada
- Aaron B. Pearlman
- ORCiD
- Trottier Space Institute, McGill University , 3550 rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2A7, Canada; Department of Physics, McGill University , 3600 rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada
- Ziggy Pleunis
- ORCiD
- Dunlap Institute for Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Toronto , 50 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada ; [email protected]
- Masoud Rafiei-Ravandi
- ORCiD
- Trottier Space Institute, McGill University , 3550 rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2A7, Canada; Department of Physics, McGill University , 3600 rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada
- Mubdi Rahman
- ORCiD
- Sidrat Research , 124 Merton Street, Suite 507, Toronto, ON M4S 2Z2, Canada
- Scott Ransom
- ORCiD
- National Radio Astronomy Observatory , 520 Edgemont Road, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
- Pranav Sanghavi
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Yale University , New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Kaitlyn Shin
- ORCiD
- MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Kendrick Smith
- ORCiD
- Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics , 31 Caroline Street N, Waterloo, ON N25 2YL, Canada
- Ingrid Stairs
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia , 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
- David C Stenning
- ORCiD
- Department of Statistics & Actuarial Science, Simon Fraser University , Burnaby, BC, Canada
- Keith Vanderlinde
- ORCiD
- Dunlap Institute for Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Toronto , 50 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada ; [email protected]; David A. Dunlap Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Toronto , 50 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada
- Dallas Wulf
- ORCiD
- Trottier Space Institute, McGill University , 3550 rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2A7, Canada; Department of Physics, McGill University , 3600 rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad779d
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 975,
no. 1
p. 75
Abstract
We report 10 fast radio bursts (FRBs) detected in the far sidelobe region (i.e., ≥5° off-meridian) of the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment (CHIME) from August 28 2018 to August 31 2021. We localize the bursts by fitting their spectra with a model of the CHIME/FRB synthesized beam response. We find that the far sidelobe events have on average ∼500 times greater fluxes than events detected in CHIME’s main lobe. We show that the sidelobe sample is therefore statistically ∼20 times closer than the main lobe sample. We find promising host galaxy candidates ( P _cc < 1%) for two of the FRBs, 20190112B and 20210310B, at distances of 38 and 16 Mpc, respectively. CHIME/FRB did not observe repetition of similar brightness from the uniform sample of 10 sidelobe FRBs in a total exposure time of 35,580 hr. Under the assumption of Poisson-distributed bursts, we infer that the mean repetition interval above the detection threshold of the far sidelobe events is longer than 11,880 hr, which is at least 2380 times larger than the interval from known CHIME/FRB detected repeating sources, with some caveats, notably that very narrowband events could have been missed. Our results from these far sidelobe events suggest one of two scenarios: either (1) all FRBs repeat and the repetition intervals span a wide range, with high-rate repeaters being a rare sub-population, or (2) non-repeating FRBs are a distinct population different from known repeaters.
Keywords
- High energy astrophysics
- Radio transient sources
- Radio bursts
- Neutron stars
- Time domain astronomy
- Extragalactic astronomy
