Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X (Dec 2022)
Peptide-based optical biosensors: A promising approach for early-stage cancer detection
Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of 10 million deaths worldwide in 2020, which is exponentially increasing per year. The early detection and effective treatment of cancer can save millions of lives worldwide. Cancer diagnostic methods are scarce due to their high cost, laborious instrumentation, high maintenance, time-consuming, and complex nature. Furthermore, current cancer detection methods are also inconvenient and necessitate the use of technical experts. However, peptide-based optical biosensors are fast, and compact with a low detection limit and high selectivity, hence having a lot of potential for diagnosing different types of cancer. The present work aims to provide an overview of various types of peptide-based optical biosensors (OBS) for the early-stage detection of cancer. Here, the peptides with high specificity, biocompatibility, small size, and numerous conjugation possibilities incorporated with nanomaterials, are reported for the fabrication of optical biosensors to diagnose cancer. Peptide-based optical biosensors are known to overcome the limitations of the conventional method by providing high sensitivity, and portability, with rapid and real-time detection of all types of cancer cells. Moreover, in comparison to conventional methods, cancer can be detected in a quite few million tumor tissues using optical biosensors. This review mainly focused on the optical biosensors such as colorimetric, fluorescence, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), chemiluminescence (CL), and photoelectrochemical derived from the different types of peptides, including their working principle and conjugation with peptides. We have also discussed the advantages and disadvantages of current peptide-based optical biosensors for early-stage cancer detection, as well as future prospects.
