Annals of the University of Oradea: Economic Science (Dec 2020)
DETERMINED FACTORS OF ECONOMIC-FINANCIAL CRIMINALITY
Abstract
The economic-financial crime is based on three main pillars, namely the underground economy, corruption and money laundering. The underground economy has negative connotations that include a wide area of coverage. On the other hand, corruption undermines democratic governance and the rule of law, negatively affecting, along with money laundering, economic development, representing a major impediment to economic growth in any economy. In the following we will refer to theoretical approaches of the specialized literature regarding the main categories of determinants - economic, political and behavioral of the economic-financial crime. We aim to carry out a theoretical analysis of the factors that have the capacity to define the economic-financial crime, so that later we can continue the research by studying the real effects in the society of the phenomenon of the economic-financial crime. The studies in question will want to be established as a basis for understanding the phenomenon and we will propose concrete solutions to combat it, aiming at limiting it and the adverse effects in the economy and society. The use of the methodology of investigating the specialized literature, followed by the analysis and synthesis of the data, allowed us to group the determining factors of the economic-financial crime into three major categories, namely the economic, the political and the behavioral ones, aspects detailed in the article. If the economic factors can be somehow standardized for different types of economies, the political and the behavioral ones are characterized by certain particularities that manifest themselves differently, having a specific evolution according to a certain context. The purpose of identifying and classifying the determining factors is to increase the capacity to 'diagnose' the national economy, to better understand the phenomenon of economic-financial crime, so that later it can provide specialized technical support within the reach of the decision-makers in order to act as effectively as possible in combating it. In the hope of creating a foundation for the study and understanding the complexity and dynamism of the economic-financial crime phenomenon, the present article proposes to bring attention to the possible causes, without pretending to exhaust them, constituting a challenge for new studies in order to sensitize the institutions enabled in its fight to act proportional to its magnitude and complexity.
