Some Well-Known Alginate and Chitosan Modifications Used in Adsorption: A Review
Asmaa Benettayeb,
Soumya Ghosh,
Muhammad Usman,
Fatima Zohra Seihoub,
Ihsanullah Sohoo,
Chin Hua Chia,
Mika Sillanpää
Affiliations
Asmaa Benettayeb
Laboratoire de Génie Chimique et de Catalyse Hétérogène, Département de Génie Chimique, Université de Sciences et de la Technologie-Mohamed Boudiaf, USTO-MB, BP 1505 EL-M’NAOUAR, Oran 31000, Algeria
Soumya Ghosh
Department of Genetics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
Muhammad Usman
Institute for Water Resources and Water Supply, Hamburg University of Technology, Am Schwarzenberg-Campus 3, 20173 Hamburg, Germany
Fatima Zohra Seihoub
Laboratoire de Génie Chimique et de Catalyse Hétérogène, Département de Génie Chimique, Université de Sciences et de la Technologie-Mohamed Boudiaf, USTO-MB, BP 1505 EL-M’NAOUAR, Oran 31000, Algeria
Ihsanullah Sohoo
Institute of Environmental Technology and Energy Economics, Hamburg University of Technology, Blohmstraße 15, 21079 Hamburg, Germany
Chin Hua Chia
Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
Mika Sillanpää
Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Mining, Metallurgy and Chemical Engineering, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa
Owing to environmental pollution and increasingly strict regulations, heavy metals have attracted the attention of many researchers in various disciplines. Alginate and chitosan derivatives have gained popularity as biosorbents for water treatment. An increase in the number of publications on modified biosorbents for the biosorption of toxic compounds reveals widespread interest in examining the requirements and positive contribution of each modification type. This paper reviews the advantages and disadvantages of using alginate and chitosan for adsorption. Well-known modifications based on chitosan and alginate, namely, grafting, functionalization, copolymerization and cross-linking, as well as applications in the field of adsorption processes, especially amino acid functionalization, are reviewed. The selection criteria for the best biosorbents and their effectiveness and proposed mechanism of adsorption are discussed critically. In the conclusion, the question of why these adsorbents need modification before use is addressed.
