Scientific African (Jun 2024)
Phytochemical analysis and acute toxicity of Solanum elaeagnifolium extract in Swiss albino mice
Abstract
Introduction: The curative effects of Solanum elaeagnifolium have aroused the interest of botanical medicine researchers. However, no research has been carried out into its potential toxicity. The aim of this study was firstly to screen the secondary metabolites contained in the leaves and fruits of S. elaeagnifolium and their mineralogical composition, and secondly to assess the acute oral toxicity of S. elaeagnifolium in Swiss albino mice. Methods: The amount of minerals in the plant powder was assessed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, and phytochemical screening was performed. The hydroethanolic extracts of the leaves and fruits of this plant were prepared using the maceration method. Acute oral toxicity was assessed according to the OECD guideline 423. Mice were given leaf extracts (SEFE) and fruit extracts (SEFR) once at doses of 500 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg and 2000 mg/kg in an acute toxicity study. The animals were then monitored for 14 days. The animals were then monitored for 14 days. To rule out any potential toxicity, the general behavior of the animals, the clinical symptoms of poisoning, body weight, biochemical and hematological markers, and liver, kidney, and spleen histology were examined. Results: The two different plant extracts comprised very important mineralogical elements such as Mg, Zn, and k, as well as secondary metabolites such as polyphenols and flavonoids, these chemical elements were shown to have very important biological activities. An oral administration of a hydroethanolic extract of S. elaeagnifolium leaves and fruits at a dose of 2000 mg/kg resulted in toxicity and death in mice. We found no significant difference in the weight of the mice. For doses less than 2000 mg/kg, biochemical markers in the liver, kidneys, and hematology did not differ significantly from those in the control group. Furthermore, there were no changes in hematological markers. Furthermore, the architecture of the liver, spleen, and kidney was normal and histopathological analysis did not reveal significant adverse effects. Conclusions: These findings indicate that the plant harbors a significant array of secondary metabolites and minerals. S. elaeagnifolium exhibited signs of toxicity and induced histological, hematological, and biochemical alterations at a dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight. These comprehensive studies will help to improve our understanding of S. elaeagnifolium safety and potential utility, laying the groundwork for its safe use in a variety of settings.
