In-host evolution of Staphylococcus epidermidis in a pacemaker-associated endocarditis resulting in increased antibiotic tolerance

Abstract

Staphylococcus epidermidis is a frequent cause of medical implant-associated biofilm infections. Here, studying a patient with pacemaker-associated endocarditis, the authors report in-host evolution of S. epidermidis leading to phenotypes exhibiting increased biofilm formation and antibiotic tolerance.