Universe (Jan 2024)
Quantum-Spacetime Symmetries: A Principle of Minimum Group Representation
Abstract
We show that, as in the case of the principle of minimum action in classical and quantum mechanics, there exists an even more general principle in the very fundamental structure of quantum spacetime: this is the principle of minimal group representation, which allows us to consistently and simultaneously obtain a natural description of spacetime’s dynamics and the physical states admissible in it. The theoretical construction is based on the physical states that are average values of the generators of the metaplectic group Mp(n), the double covering of SL(2C) in a vector representation, with respect to the coherent states carrying the spin weight. Our main results here are: (i) There exists a connection between the dynamics given by the metaplectic-group symmetry generators and the physical states (the mappings of the generators through bilinear combinations of the basic states). (ii) The ground states are coherent states of the Perelomov–Klauder type defined by the action of the metaplectic group that divides the Hilbert space into even and odd states that are mutually orthogonal. They carry spin weight of 1/4 and 3/4, respectively, from which two other basic states can be formed. (iii) The physical states, mapped bilinearly with the basic 1/4- and 3/4-spin-weight states, plus their symmetric and antisymmetric combinations, have spin contents s=0,1/2,1,3/2 and 2. (iv) The generators realized with the bosonic variables of the harmonic oscillator introduce a natural supersymmetry and a superspace whose line element is the geometrical Lagrangian of our model. (v) From the line element as operator level, a coherent physical state of spin 2 can be obtained and naturally related to the metric tensor. (vi) The metric tensor is naturally discretized by taking the discrete series given by the basic states (coherent states) in the n number representation, reaching the classical (continuous) spacetime for n→∞. (vii) There emerges a relation between the eigenvalue α of our coherent-state metric solution and the black-hole area (entropy) as Abh/4lp2=α, relating the phase space of the metric found, gab, and the black hole area, Abh, through the Planck length lp2 and the eigenvalue α of the coherent states. As a consequence of the lowest level of the quantum-discrete-spacetime spectrum—e.g., the ground state associated to n=0 and its characteristic length—there exists a minimum entropy related to the black-hole history.
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