Effect of Vaginal Bleeding in First Trimester of Pregnancy on Pregnancy Outcomes

Abstract

Background: Vaginal bleeding during pregnancy are one of the important causes of maternal, fetal and neonatal death. Women who remained pregnant after vaginal bleeding, are at risk to complication such intrauterine fetal death (IUFD), intra uterine growth retardation (IUGR), preterm labor, placental abruption, preterm pre-labor rupture of membrane (PROM) and low birth weight. Methods: This study was a prospective case–control study that was done on 120 pregnant, 60 women with first trimester bleeding and 60 control women, in Shariati hospital in Isfahan, Iran. All women were evaluated for pregnancy outcomes including bleeding in second and third trimester, abortion, preterm pre labor rupture of membrane, preterm labor, low birth weight, Intra uterine growth retardation, mode of labor, APGAR coefficient in 5 minute, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission. Data was analyzed by student t-test and χ2. Findings: There were no significant differences between groups in number of previous pregnancies and labors, number of children, history of abortion, premature rupture of membrane (PROM), intrauterine fetal death (IUFD), mod of labor, APGAR coefficient, NICU admission and intra uterine growth retardation (IUGR) (P ≥ 0.05). But there were significant differences between groups in placenta accreta, second trimester bleeding and preterm labor (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: According to our results and other studies from other countries, first trimester bleeding could predict maternal and fetal complications. We recommend to train pregnant women about these complications and their prevention.

Keywords

• Vaginal bleeding
• Pregnancy outcomes
• First trimester of pregnancy