The Astrophysical Journal (Jan 2024)
A Search for Persistent Radio Sources toward Repeating Fast Radio Bursts Discovered by CHIME/FRB
- Adaeze L. Ibik,
- Maria R. Drout,
- B. M. Gaensler,
- Paul Scholz,
- Navin Sridhar,
- Ben Margalit,
- T. E. Clarke,
- Casey J. Law,
- Shriharsh P. Tendulkar,
- Daniele Michilli,
- Tarraneh Eftekhari,
- Mohit Bhardwaj,
- Sarah Burke-Spolaor,
- Shami Chatterjee,
- Amanda M. Cook,
- Jason W. T. Hessels,
- Franz Kirsten,
- Ronniy C. Joseph,
- Victoria M. Kaspi,
- Mattias Lazda,
- Kiyoshi W. Masui,
- Kenzie Nimmo,
- Ayush Pandhi,
- Aaron B. Pearlman,
- Ziggy Pleunis,
- Masoud Rafiei-Ravandi,
- Kaitlyn Shin,
- Kendrick M. Smith
Affiliations
- Adaeze L. Ibik
- ORCiD
- Dunlap Institute for Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Toronto , 50 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada ; [email protected]; David A. Dunlap Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Toronto , 50 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada
- Maria R. Drout
- ORCiD
- David A. Dunlap Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Toronto , 50 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada
- B. M. Gaensler
- ORCiD
- Dunlap Institute for Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Toronto , 50 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada ; [email protected]; David A. Dunlap Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Toronto , 50 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada; Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of California Santa Cruz , 1156 High Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Paul Scholz
- ORCiD
- Dunlap Institute for Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Toronto , 50 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada ; [email protected]; Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University , 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, ON MJ3 1P3, Canada
- Navin Sridhar
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy, Columbia University , New York, NY 10027, USA; Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, MC 249-17 California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Ben Margalit
- ORCiD
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- T. E. Clarke
- ORCiD
- Naval Research Laboratory , Code 7213, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA
- Casey J. Law
- ORCiD
- Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, MC 249-17 California Institute of Technology , Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Owens Valley Radio Observatory, California Institute of Technology , Big Pine, CA 93513, USA
- Shriharsh P. Tendulkar
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research , Mumbai, 400005, India; National Centre for Radio Astrophysics , Post Bag 3, Ganeshkhind, Pune, 411007, India; CIFAR Azrieli Global Scholars Program , CIFAR, Toronto, Canada
- Daniele Michilli
- ORCiD
- MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research , Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Tarraneh Eftekhari
- ORCiD
- Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University , Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Mohit Bhardwaj
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University , 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Sarah Burke-Spolaor
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, West Virginia University , P.O. Box 6315, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; Center for Gravitational Waves and Cosmology, West Virginia University , Chestnut Ridge Research Building, Morgantown, WV 26505, USA
- Shami Chatterjee
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy and Cornell Center for Astrophysics and Planetary Science, Cornell University , Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Amanda M. Cook
- ORCiD
- Dunlap Institute for Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Toronto , 50 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada ; [email protected]; David A. Dunlap Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Toronto , 50 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada
- Jason W. T. Hessels
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, McGill University , 3600 rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada; Trottier Space Institute, McGill University , 3550 rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2A7, Canada; Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam , Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands; ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy , Oude Hoogeveensedijk 4, 7991 PD Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
- Franz Kirsten
- ORCiD
- ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy , Oude Hoogeveensedijk 4, 7991 PD Dwingeloo, The Netherlands; Department of Space, Earth and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology , Onsala Space Observatory, 439 92, Onsala, Sweden
- Ronniy C. Joseph
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, McGill University , 3600 rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada; Trottier Space Institute, McGill University , 3550 rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2A7, Canada
- Victoria M. Kaspi
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, McGill University , 3600 rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada; Trottier Space Institute, McGill University , 3550 rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2A7, Canada
- Mattias Lazda
- ORCiD
- Dunlap Institute for Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Toronto , 50 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada ; [email protected]; David A. Dunlap Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Toronto , 50 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada
- Kiyoshi W. Masui
- ORCiD
- MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research , Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Kenzie Nimmo
- ORCiD
- MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research , Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Ayush Pandhi
- ORCiD
- Dunlap Institute for Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Toronto , 50 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada ; [email protected]; David A. Dunlap Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Toronto , 50 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada
- Aaron B. Pearlman
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, McGill University , 3600 rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada; Trottier Space Institute, McGill University , 3550 rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2A7, Canada
- Ziggy Pleunis
- ORCiD
- Dunlap Institute for Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Toronto , 50 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada ; [email protected]; Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam , Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands; ASTRON, Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy , Oude Hoogeveensedijk 4, 7991 PD Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
- Masoud Rafiei-Ravandi
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics, McGill University , 3600 rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada; Trottier Space Institute, McGill University , 3550 rue University, Montréal, QC H3A 2A7, Canada
- Kaitlyn Shin
- ORCiD
- MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research , Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Kendrick M. Smith
- ORCiD
- Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics , 31 Caroline Street N, Waterloo, ON N25 2YL, Canada
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad808e
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 976,
no. 2
p. 199
Abstract
The identification of persistent radio sources (PRSs) coincident with two repeating fast radio bursts (FRBs) supports FRB theories requiring a compact central engine. However, deep nondetections in other cases highlight the diversity of repeating FRBs and their local environments. Here, we perform a systematic search for radio sources towards 37 CHIME/FRB repeaters using their arcminute localizations and a combination of archival surveys and targeted observations. Through multiwavelength analysis of individual radio sources, we identify two (20181030A-S1 and 20190417A-S1) for which we disfavor an origin of either star formation or an active galactic nucleus in their host galaxies and thus consider them candidate PRSs. We do not find any associated PRSs for the majority of the repeating FRBs in our sample. For eight FRB fields with Very Large Array imaging, we provide deep limits on the presence of PRSs that are 2–4 orders of magnitude fainter than the PRS associated with FRB 20121102A. Using Very Large Array Sky Survey imaging of all 37 fields, we constrain the rate of luminous (≳10 ^40 erg s ^−1 ) PRSs associated with repeating FRBs to be low. Within the context of FRB-PRS models, we find that 20181030A-S1 and 20190417A-S1 can be reasonably explained within the context of magnetar, hypernebulae, gamma-ray burst afterglow, or supernova ejecta models—although we note that both sources follow the radio luminosity versus rotation measure relationship predicted in the nebula model framework. Future observations will be required to both further characterize and confirm the association of these PRS candidates with the FRBs.
Keywords
