Generalized myokymia, or neuromyotonia, or both in dogs with or without spinocerebellar ataxia

Abstract

Abstract Background KCNJ10 and CAPN1 variants cause “spinocerebellar” ataxia in dogs, but their association with generalized myokymia and neuromyotonia remains unclear. Objective To investigate the association between KCNJ10 and CAPN1 and myokymia or neuromyotonia, with or without concurrent spinocerebellar ataxia. Animals Thirty‐three client‐owned dogs with spinocerebellar ataxia, myokymia neuromytonia, or a combination of these signs. Methods Genetic analysis of a cohort of dogs clinically diagnosed with spinocerebellar ataxia, myokymia or neuromyotonia. KCNJ10 c.627C>G and CAPN1 c.344G>A variants and the coding sequence of KCNA1, KCNA2, KCNA6, KCNJ10 and HINT1 were sequenced using DNA extracted from blood samples. Results Twenty‐four Jack Russell terriers, 1 Jack Russell terrier cross, 1 Dachshund and 1 mixed breed with spinocerebellar ataxia were biallelic (homozygous) for the KCNJ10 c.627C>G variant. Twenty‐one of those dogs had myokymia, neuromyotonia, or both. One Parson Russell terrier with spinocerebellar ataxia alone was biallelic for the CAPN1 c.344G>A variant. Neither variant was found in 1 Jack Russell terrier with ataxia alone, nor in 3 Jack Russell terriers and 1 Yorkshire terrier with myokymia and neuromyotonia alone. No other causal variants were found in the coding sequence of the investigated candidate genes in these latter 5 dogs. Conclusion The KCNJ10 c.627C>G variant, or rarely the CAPN1 c.344G>A variant, was confirmed to be the causal variant of spinocerebellar ataxia. We also report the presence of the KCNJ10 c.627C>G variant in the Dachshund breed. In dogs with myokymia and neuromyotonia alone the reported gene variants were not found. Other genetic or immune‐mediated causes should be investigated to explain the clinical signs of these cases.

Keywords

• canine
• EAST syndrome
• hereditary ataxia
• peripheral nerve hyperexcitability