Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Aqueous <i>Citrus limon</i> Zest Extract: Characterization and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties
Yasmina Khane,
Khedidja Benouis,
Salim Albukhaty,
Ghassan M. Sulaiman,
Mosleh M. Abomughaid,
Amer Al Ali,
Djaber Aouf,
Fares Fenniche,
Sofiane Khane,
Wahiba Chaibi,
Abdallah Henni,
Hadj Daoud Bouras,
Nadir Dizge
Affiliations
Yasmina Khane
Université de Ghardaia, BP455, Ghardaia 47000, Algeria
Khedidja Benouis
Laboratory of Process Engineering, Materials and Environment, Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Sidi Bel-Abbes, Sidi Bel Abbes 22000, Algeria
Salim Albukhaty
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Misan, Maysan 62001, Iraq
Ghassan M. Sulaiman
Department of Applied Sciences, University of Technology, Baghdad 10066, Iraq
Mosleh M. Abomughaid
Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, 255, Bisha 67714, Saudi Arabia
Amer Al Ali
Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, 255, Bisha 67714, Saudi Arabia
Djaber Aouf
Laboratory of Dynamic Interactions and Reactivity of Systems, University of Kasdi Merbah, Ouargla 30000, Algeria
Fares Fenniche
Laboratory of Dynamic Interactions and Reactivity of Systems, University of Kasdi Merbah, Ouargla 30000, Algeria
Sofiane Khane
Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Djillali Liabes, Sidi Bel Abbes 22000, Algeria
Wahiba Chaibi
Scientific and Technical Research Center in Chemistry and Physics Analysis, Bousmail RP 42415, Algeria
Abdallah Henni
Laboratory of Dynamic Interactions and Reactivity of Systems, University of Kasdi Merbah, Ouargla 30000, Algeria
Hadj Daoud Bouras
Département de Physique, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Laghouat, RP Rue des Martyrs, Laghouat BP 4033, Algeria
Nadir Dizge
Department of Environmental Engineering, Mersin University, Mersin 33343, Turkey
The current work concentrated on the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) through the use of aqueous Citruslimon zest extract, optimizing the different experimental factors required for the formation and stability of AgNPs. The preparation of nanoparticles was confirmed by the observation of the color change of the mixture of silver nitrate, after the addition of the plant extract, from yellow to a reddish-brown colloidal suspension and was established by detecting the surface plasmon resonance band at 535.5 nm, utilizing UV-Visible analysis. The optimum conditions were found to be 1 mM of silver nitrate concentration, a 1:9 ratio extract of the mixture, and a 4 h incubation period. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectrum indicated that the phytochemicals compounds present in Citrus limon zest extract had a fundamental effect on the production of AgNPs as a bio-reducing agent. The morphology, size, and elemental composition of AgNPs were investigated by zeta potential (ZP), dynamic light scattering (DLS), SEM, EDX, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis, which showed crystalline spherical silver nanoparticles. In addition, the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of this bioactive silver nanoparticle were also investigated. The AgNPs showed excellent antibacterial activity against one Gram-negative pathogens bacteria, Escherichia coli, and one Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, as well as antifungal activity against Candida albicans. The obtained results indicate that the antioxidant activity of this nanoparticle is significant. This bioactive silver nanoparticle can be used in biomedical and pharmacological fields.
