The Endoplasmic Reticulum–Plasma Membrane Tethering Protein Ice2 Controls Lipid Droplet Size via the Regulation of Phosphatidylcholine in <i>Candida albicans</i>

Abstract

Lipid droplets (LDs) are intracellular organelles that play important roles in cellular lipid metabolism; they change their sizes and numbers in response to both intracellular and extracellular signals. Changes in LD size reflect lipid synthesis and degradation and affect many cellular activities, including energy supply and membrane synthesis. Here, we focused on the function of the endoplasmic reticulum–plasma membrane tethering protein Ice2 in LD dynamics in the fungal pathogen Candida albicans (C. albicans). Nile red staining and size quantification showed that the LD size increased in the ice2Δ/Δ mutant, indicating the critical role of Ice2 in the regulation of LD dynamics. A lipid content analysis further demonstrated that the mutant had lower phosphatidylcholine levels. As revealed with GFP labeling and fluorescence microscopy, the methyltransferase Cho2, which is involved in phosphatidylcholine synthesis, had poorer localization in the plasma membrane in the mutant than in the wild-type strain. Interestingly, the addition of the phosphatidylcholine precursor choline led to the recovery of normal-sized LDs in the mutant. These results indicated that Ice2 regulates LD size by controlling intracellular phosphatidylcholine levels and that endoplasmic reticulum–plasma membrane tethering proteins play a role in lipid metabolism regulation in C. albicans. This study provides significant findings for further investigation of the lipid metabolism in fungi.

Keywords

• lipid droplet
• endoplasmic reticulum–plasma membrane tethering protein
• phosphatidylcholine
• Ice2
• <i>Candida albicans</i>