La antropología forense como antropología aplicada frente a la violencia social : una reflexión en torno al trabajo y la práctica interdisciplinar

Abstract

This article reflects on the organization, possibilities, and practical requirements for the development of interdisciplinary work under the new contexts of intervention of forensic anthropology. As an applied anthropology, reflection on the social contexts in which forensic anthropology is practiced is of particular importance. The reciprocal influences of science and society, which cross the forms and practical uses of anthropology, acquire multiple dimensions and considerations in the case of forensic anthropology and its fields of activity. These influences have a clear projection and social impact in judicial processes, in the clarification of criminal investigations or contributing to the defense of human rights in contexts of conflict and political violence. An analysis and review of the scientific practices and techniques of forensic anthropology is presented in relation to all these considerations. It is argued that the obvious applied function of this discipline should not lead to mistaking the social commitment to provide reliable data and evidence in its contribution to legal work with ideological positions or specific political interests, which may bias or compromise the rigor of its scientific work. Such considerations on epistemological and ethical issues in the practice of forensic anthropology are particularly relevant when studying and intervening in contexts of political violence and civil conflicts, which are surrounded by strong ideological and political debates. The review of the role of the forensic anthropologist in these contexts highlights the need for an attitude of epistemological vigilance and reflexivity with respect to his or her practices (and the contexts of these). Positions of neutrality and objectivity must therefore be guaranteed in anthropological work, and these must be based on an attitude of vigilance, self-criticism, and reflection, of particular importance in relation to socially sensitive issues and with problematic extensions in the field of ideas and politics.

Keywords

• applied anthropology
• forensic anthropology
• human rights
• interdisciplinary approach
• social violence