Investigation of Sleepiness and Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Based on STOP-BANG Questionnaire and Epworth Sleepiness Scale and its Relationship with Hemoglobin A1c

Abstract

Background and Objective: Lack of sleep and insomnia are associated with an increase in the risk of diabetes. Sleep disorders in diabetic people are significantly higher than in healthy people. Moreover, sleep duration is related to blood sugar control in diabetes. This study was conducted with the purpose of investigating the level of sleepiness and obstructive sleep apnea in type 2 diabetic patients and its relationship with glycemic levels. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 patients with type 2 diabetes referred to Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Hamadan in­ 2023­. Diabetes control status was evaluated by hemoglobin A1c, and the frequency of sleepiness and obstructive sleep apnea was assessed by the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and STOP-BANG questionnaires. Data analysis was done using SPSS 26 statistical software. Results: The mean age of the participants was 56.16 ± 9.77 years. A significant difference was observed between the frequency of daily sleepiness score with gender (P<0.001), smoking (P=0.003), and hypertension and dyslipidemia (P<0.001). There was a significant difference between the possibility of obstructive sleep apnea with smoking (P=0.002) and dyslipidemia (P=0.001). A significant difference was observed between hemoglobin A1c and smoking (P<0.001) and dyslipidemia (P=0.007). There was a positive and significant correlation between hemoglobin A1c and daily sleepiness score (P=0.036) and sleep apnea score (P=0.034). Conclusion: In patients with type 2 diabetes, obstructive sleep apnea and daytime sleepiness are relatively common, and these disorders are related to poor glycemic control.

Keywords

• diabetes mellitus type 2
• hemoglobin a1c
• obstructive sleep apnea
• sleepiness