Exploring the self-control efficacy of risk factors using self-management program in patients with acute coronary

Abstract

Background: Cardiovascular diseases are a major cause of death and disability. Research shows that self-management is better than routine care for improving patients’ awareness of diseases, self-care, and self-efficacy, thereby reducing the recurrence and mortality rates of cardiovascular diseases. Objectives: This study examined the self-control efficacy of risk factors in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) before and after a self-management program. Methods: Purposive sampling was used in this quasi-experimental study. Thirty-eight participants were enrolled from January 1, 2020, to June 30, 2020. The case manager utilized a self-management program as the intervention and developed the “Questionnaire on Self-management of ACS.” Measurements were conducted for each sample before, during, and after the intervention. Results: Each participant in the sample had at least three risk factors for ACS, with an average of 5.3 risk factors. The overall self-management scores before and after the intervention were notably different (F = 135.842, P < 0.001), with significant differences in two dimensions: disease awareness (F = 159.752, P < 0.001) and behavior compliance (F = 111.63, P < 0.001). Conclusion: Controlling the risk factors for ACS requires continuous adjustment and maintenance of lifestyle. Exercise-related behaviors before and after the self-management program showed the worst compliance. Thus, appropriate interventions should be combined with intelligent devices to assist patients in integrating health management into their lifestyles, thereby reducing risk factors and preventing disease recurrence.

Keywords

• acute coronary syndrome
• cardiovascular diseases
• risk factors
• self-care
• self-efficacy