Journal of King Saud University: Science (Feb 2024)
Biochemical evaluation with symptoms of gastrointestinal tract manifestations – A systemic review
Abstract
Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding (UGIB) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Gastrointestinal tract diseases lead to several reasons, the biochemical test playing an important role to predict the intestinal disease. The drug manifestations specifically, Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) bacteria Helicobacter pylori infection, alcohol abuse, smoking, obesity, anxiety, and depression identified as risk factors. This review aimed to assess major causes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. All relevant English-language articles addressing the epidemiology, severity, frequency, risk factors, medications, and incidence of upper gastrointestinal bleeding were included in the study. Two researchers screened and reviewed relevant full-text papers for inclusion using the exclusion and inclusion criteria and 22 articles were included. One investigator extracted data about study sample size, patients' age, risk factors, causes, presentation, comorbidities, drug intake and addiction in patients with upper GI bleeding. Another investigator independently reviewed data accuracy. UGIB was found to be more common between the fifth and eighth decades of life, and it is extremely rare between the ages of 16 and 80. Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is most commonly caused by non-variceal bleeding, with duodenal ulcers, a subtype of peptic ulcer, being the most common cause. The main risk factors were NSAID use and Helicobacter pylori infection. The most common symptoms were hematemesis, melena, and, less frequently, stomach discomfort. The main risk factors of UGIT bleeding were the use of NSAID and Helicobacter pylori infection. Health education about NSAID side effects and proper use and application of proper screening tool for at-risk patients may aid in the prevention of UGIB and reduce the burden of this health problem.
