Ipsilateral and contralateral coadministration of influenza and COVID-19 vaccines produce similar antibody responsesResearch in context
David Pattinson,
Peter Jester,
Chunyang Gu,
Lizheng Guan,
Tammy Armbrust,
Joshua G. Petrie,
Jennifer P. King,
Huong Q. Nguyen,
Edward A. Belongia,
Peter Halfmann,
Gabriele Neumann,
Yoshihiro Kawaoka
Affiliations
David Pattinson
Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
Peter Jester
Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
Chunyang Gu
Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
Lizheng Guan
Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
Tammy Armbrust
Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
Joshua G. Petrie
Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, WI 54449, USA
Jennifer P. King
Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, WI 54449, USA
Huong Q. Nguyen
Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, WI 54449, USA
Edward A. Belongia
Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, WI 54449, USA
Peter Halfmann
Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
Gabriele Neumann
Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
Yoshihiro Kawaoka
Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-0071, Japan; Department of Special Pathogens, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-0071, Japan; Corresponding author. Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
Summary: Background: World Health Organisation (WHO) and USA Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S. CDC) recommendations now allow simultaneous administration of COVID-19 and other vaccines. We compared antibody responses after coadministration of influenza and bivalent COVID-19 vaccines in the same (ipsilateral) arm vs. different (contralateral) arms. Methods: Pre- and post-vaccination serum samples from individuals in the Prospective Assessment of COVID-19 in a Community (PACC) cohort were used to conduct haemaglutination inhibition (HI) assays with the viruses in the 2022–2023 seasonal influenza vaccine and focus reduction neutralisation tests (FRNT) using a BA.5 SARS-CoV-2 virus. The effect of ipsilateral vs. contralateral vaccination on immune responses was inferred in a model that accounted for higher variance in vaccine responses at lower pre-vaccination titers. Findings: Ipsilateral vaccination did not cause higher influenza vaccine responses compared to contralateral vaccination. The response to SARS-CoV-2 was slightly increased in the ipsilateral group, but equivalence was not excluded. Interpretation: Coadministration of influenza and bivalent COVID-19 vaccines in the same arm or different arms did not strongly influence the antibody response to either vaccine. Funding: This work was supported by the U.S. CDC (grant number: 75D30120C09259).
