The Astrophysical Journal Letters (Jan 2024)
TOI-4201: An Early M Dwarf Hosting a Massive Transiting Jupiter Stretching Theories of Core Accretion
- Megan Delamer,
- Shubham Kanodia,
- Caleb I. Cañas,
- Simon Müller,
- Ravit Helled,
- Andrea S. J. Lin,
- Jessica E. Libby-Roberts,
- Arvind F. Gupta,
- Suvrath Mahadevan,
- Johanna Teske,
- R. Paul Butler,
- Samuel W. Yee,
- Jeffrey D. Crane,
- Stephen Shectman,
- David Osip,
- Yuri Beletsky,
- Andrew Monson,
- Leslie Hebb,
- Luke C. Powers,
- John P. Wisniewski,
- Jaime A. Alvarado-Montes,
- Chad F. Bender,
- Jiayin Dong,
- Te Han,
- Joe P. Ninan,
- Paul Robertson,
- Arpita Roy,
- Christian Schwab,
- Guđmundur Stefánsson,
- Jason T. Wright
Affiliations
- Megan Delamer
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA 16802, USA ; [email protected]; Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds, 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Shubham Kanodia
- ORCiD
- Earth and Planets Laboratory , Carnegie Institution for Science, 5241 Broad Branch Road NW, Washington, DC 20015, USA
- Caleb I. Cañas
- ORCiD
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center , 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
- Simon Müller
- ORCiD
- Center for Theoretical Astrophysics & Cosmology, University of Zurich , Winterthurerstr. 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Ravit Helled
- ORCiD
- Center for Theoretical Astrophysics & Cosmology, University of Zurich , Winterthurerstr. 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Andrea S. J. Lin
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA 16802, USA ; [email protected]; Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds, 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Jessica E. Libby-Roberts
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA 16802, USA ; [email protected]; Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds, 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Arvind F. Gupta
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA 16802, USA ; [email protected]; Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds, 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Suvrath Mahadevan
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA 16802, USA ; [email protected]; Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds, 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Johanna Teske
- ORCiD
- Earth and Planets Laboratory , Carnegie Institution for Science, 5241 Broad Branch Road NW, Washington, DC 20015, USA
- R. Paul Butler
- ORCiD
- Earth and Planets Laboratory , Carnegie Institution for Science, 5241 Broad Branch Road NW, Washington, DC 20015, USA
- Samuel W. Yee
- ORCiD
- Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University , 4 Ivy Lane, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Jeffrey D. Crane
- ORCiD
- The Observatories of the Carnegie Institution for Science , 813 Santa Barbara Street, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA
- Stephen Shectman
- ORCiD
- The Observatories of the Carnegie Institution for Science , 813 Santa Barbara Street, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA
- David Osip
- ORCiD
- Las Campanas Observatory, Carnegie Institution for Science , Colina el Pino, Casilla 601 La Serena, Chile
- Yuri Beletsky
- Las Campanas Observatory, Carnegie Institution for Science , Colina el Pino, Casilla 601 La Serena, Chile
- Andrew Monson
- ORCiD
- Steward Observatory, The University of Arizona , 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Leslie Hebb
- ORCiD
- Physics Department, Hobart and William Smith Colleges , 300 Pulteney Street, Geneva, NY 14456, USA; Department of Astronomy, Cornell University , 245 East Avenue, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
- Luke C. Powers
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA 16802, USA ; [email protected]; Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds, 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA 16802, USA
- John P. Wisniewski
- ORCiD
- NASA Headquarters, 300 Hidden Figures Way SW , Washington, DC 20546, USA
- Jaime A. Alvarado-Montes
- ORCiD
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Macquarie University , Balaclava Road, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia; The Macquarie University Astrophysics and Space Technologies Research Centre, Macquarie University , Balaclava Road, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
- Chad F. Bender
- ORCiD
- Steward Observatory, The University of Arizona , 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Jiayin Dong
- ORCiD
- Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute , New York, NY, USA
- Te Han
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, The University of California , Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Joe P. Ninan
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research , Homi Bhabha Road, Colaba, Mumbai 400005, India
- Paul Robertson
- ORCiD
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, The University of California , Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Arpita Roy
- ORCiD
- Space Telescope Science Institute , 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Christian Schwab
- ORCiD
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Macquarie University , Balaclava Road, North Ryde, NSW 2109, Australia
- Guđmundur Stefánsson
- ORCiD
- Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University , 4 Ivy Lane, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
- Jason T. Wright
- ORCiD
- Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA 16802, USA ; [email protected]; Center for Exoplanets and Habitable Worlds, 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA 16802, USA; Penn State Extraterrestrial Intelligence Center, 525 Davey Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad1a19
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 962,
no. 2
p. L22
Abstract
We confirm TOI-4201 b as a transiting Jovian-mass planet orbiting an early M dwarf discovered by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite. Using ground-based photometry and precise radial velocities from NEID and the Planet Finder Spectrograph, we measure a planet mass of ${2.59}_{-0.06}^{+0.07}$ M _J , making this one of the most massive planets transiting an M dwarf. The planet is ∼0.4% of the mass of its 0.63 M _⊙ host and may have a heavy-element mass comparable to the total dust mass contained in a typical class II disk. TOI-4201 b stretches our understanding of core accretion during the protoplanetary phase and the disk mass budget, necessitating giant planet formation to take place either much earlier in the disk lifetime or perhaps through alternative mechanisms like gravitational instability.
Keywords
- Exoplanet detection methods
- Exoplanet astronomy
- Exoplanet formation
- Exoplanets
- Radial velocity
- Transit photometry
