Visual outcome in pediatric uveitis: A retrospective data review in 277 children

Abstract

Purpose: This study aimed to describe visual outcomes in cases of pediatric uveitis in an Indian population and to analyze various factors affecting these outcomes. Methods: Single-center, retrospective chart review of 277 cases of uveitis in patients under the age of 18 years. Variables assessed included age and sex distribution, anatomical location of uveitis, systemic associations, complications, and various treatment strategies used, including long-term immunomodulation and surgical management of complications if required. The main outcome was the final visual acuity. Results: At the final visit, 51.5% of the eyes showed improvement in the final visual acuity, while vision remained stable in 28.7% and 19.7% of the eyes showed worsening of vision at the final follow-up. A total of 19.4% of patients were blind in at least one eye at the final visit, and 16 patients (5.77%) remained bilaterally blind at the final follow-up. The presence of cataract (p = 0), posterior uveitis (p = 0.005), and retinal detachment (p = 0.014) were the most significant risk factors for predicting worse visual outcomes. More than half (65.7%) of patients reported a complication at some point in their follow-up, and the most common complication was cataract. In total, 50.9% of patients required long-term immunomodulatory therapy. Conclusion: Pediatric uveitis remains a challenging condition to treat and follow-up, and the visual outcome remains guarded for most patients.

Keywords

• cataract
• glaucoma
• juvenile idiopathic arthritis
• pediatric uveitis
• subtypes