Atmospheric Measurement Techniques (Aug 2022)
Comparison of airborne measurements of NO, NO<sub>2</sub>, HONO, NO<sub><i>y</i></sub>, and CO during FIREX-AQ
- I. Bourgeois,
- I. Bourgeois,
- J. Peischl,
- J. Peischl,
- J. A. Neuman,
- J. A. Neuman,
- S. S. Brown,
- S. S. Brown,
- H. M. Allen,
- P. Campuzano-Jost,
- P. Campuzano-Jost,
- M. M. Coggon,
- M. M. Coggon,
- J. P. DiGangi,
- G. S. Diskin,
- J. B. Gilman,
- G. I. Gkatzelis,
- G. I. Gkatzelis,
- G. I. Gkatzelis,
- H. Guo,
- H. Guo,
- H. A. Halliday,
- H. A. Halliday,
- T. F. Hanisco,
- C. D. Holmes,
- L. G. Huey,
- J. L. Jimenez,
- J. L. Jimenez,
- A. D. Lamplugh,
- A. D. Lamplugh,
- Y. R. Lee,
- J. Lindaas,
- R. H. Moore,
- B. A. Nault,
- B. A. Nault,
- B. A. Nault,
- J. B. Nowak,
- D. Pagonis,
- D. Pagonis,
- D. Pagonis,
- P. S. Rickly,
- P. S. Rickly,
- M. A. Robinson,
- M. A. Robinson,
- M. A. Robinson,
- A. W. Rollins,
- V. Selimovic,
- J. M. St. Clair,
- J. M. St. Clair,
- D. Tanner,
- K. T. Vasquez,
- P. R. Veres,
- C. Warneke,
- P. O. Wennberg,
- P. O. Wennberg,
- R. A. Washenfelder,
- E. B. Wiggins,
- C. C. Womack,
- C. C. Womack,
- L. Xu,
- L. Xu,
- L. Xu,
- K. J. Zarzana,
- K. J. Zarzana,
- K. J. Zarzana,
- T. B. Ryerson,
- T. B. Ryerson
Affiliations
- I. Bourgeois
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- I. Bourgeois
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory (CSL), Boulder, CO, USA
- J. Peischl
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- J. Peischl
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory (CSL), Boulder, CO, USA
- J. A. Neuman
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- J. A. Neuman
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory (CSL), Boulder, CO, USA
- S. S. Brown
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory (CSL), Boulder, CO, USA
- S. S. Brown
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- H. M. Allen
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- P. Campuzano-Jost
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- P. Campuzano-Jost
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- M. M. Coggon
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- M. M. Coggon
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory (CSL), Boulder, CO, USA
- J. P. DiGangi
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA
- G. S. Diskin
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA
- J. B. Gilman
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory (CSL), Boulder, CO, USA
- G. I. Gkatzelis
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- G. I. Gkatzelis
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory (CSL), Boulder, CO, USA
- G. I. Gkatzelis
- now at: IEK-8: Troposphere, Institute of Energy and Climate Research, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich, Germany
- H. Guo
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- H. Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- H. A. Halliday
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA
- H. A. Halliday
- now at: Office of Research and Development, US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
- T. F. Hanisco
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- C. D. Holmes
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
- L. G. Huey
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- J. L. Jimenez
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- J. L. Jimenez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- A. D. Lamplugh
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- A. D. Lamplugh
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory (CSL), Boulder, CO, USA
- Y. R. Lee
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- J. Lindaas
- Department of Atmospheric Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
- R. H. Moore
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA
- B. A. Nault
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- B. A. Nault
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- B. A. Nault
- now at: Center for Aerosol and Cloud Chemistry, Aerodyne Research Inc., Billerica, MA, USA
- J. B. Nowak
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA
- D. Pagonis
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- D. Pagonis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- D. Pagonis
- now at: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Weber State University, Ogden, UT, USA
- P. S. Rickly
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- P. S. Rickly
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory (CSL), Boulder, CO, USA
- M. A. Robinson
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- M. A. Robinson
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory (CSL), Boulder, CO, USA
- M. A. Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- A. W. Rollins
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory (CSL), Boulder, CO, USA
- V. Selimovic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
- J. M. St. Clair
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA
- J. M. St. Clair
- Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
- D. Tanner
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- K. T. Vasquez
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- P. R. Veres
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory (CSL), Boulder, CO, USA
- C. Warneke
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory (CSL), Boulder, CO, USA
- P. O. Wennberg
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- P. O. Wennberg
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- R. A. Washenfelder
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory (CSL), Boulder, CO, USA
- E. B. Wiggins
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA
- C. C. Womack
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- C. C. Womack
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory (CSL), Boulder, CO, USA
- L. Xu
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- L. Xu
- now at: Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- L. Xu
- now at: NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory (CSL), Boulder, CO, USA
- K. J. Zarzana
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- K. J. Zarzana
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory (CSL), Boulder, CO, USA
- K. J. Zarzana
- now at: Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- T. B. Ryerson
- NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory (CSL), Boulder, CO, USA
- T. B. Ryerson
- now at: Scientific Aviation, Boulder, CO, USA
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-4901-2022
- Journal volume & issue
-
Vol. 15
pp. 4901 – 4930
Abstract
We present a comparison of fast-response instruments installed onboard the NASA DC-8 aircraft that measured nitrogen oxides (NO and NO2), nitrous acid (HONO), total reactive odd nitrogen (measured both as the total (NOy) and from the sum of individually measured species (ΣNOy)), and carbon monoxide (CO) in the troposphere during the 2019 Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments and Air Quality (FIREX-AQ) campaign. By targeting smoke from summertime wildfires, prescribed fires, and agricultural burns across the continental United States, FIREX-AQ provided a unique opportunity to investigate measurement accuracy in concentrated plumes where hundreds of species coexist. Here, we compare NO measurements by chemiluminescence (CL) and laser-induced fluorescence (LIF); NO2 measurements by CL, LIF, and cavity-enhanced spectroscopy (CES); HONO measurements by CES and iodide-adduct chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS); and CO measurements by tunable diode laser absorption spectrometry (TDLAS) and integrated cavity output spectroscopy (ICOS). Additionally, total NOy measurements using the CL instrument were compared with ΣNOy (= NO + NO2 + HONO + nitric acid (HNO3) + acyl peroxy nitrates (APNs) + submicrometer particulate nitrate (pNO3)). Other NOy species were not included in ΣNOy as they either contributed minimally to it (e.g., C1–C5 alkyl nitrates, nitryl chloride (ClNO2), dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5)) or were not measured during FIREX-AQ (e.g., higher oxidized alkyl nitrates, nitrate (NO3), non-acyl peroxynitrates, coarse-mode aerosol nitrate). The aircraft instrument intercomparisons demonstrate the following points: (1) NO measurements by CL and LIF agreed well within instrument uncertainties but with potentially reduced time response for the CL instrument; (2) NO2 measurements by LIF and CES agreed well within instrument uncertainties, but CL NO2 was on average 10 % higher; (3) CES and CIMS HONO measurements were highly correlated in each fire plume transect, but the correlation slope of CES vs. CIMS for all 1 Hz data during FIREX-AQ was 1.8, which we attribute to a reduction in the CIMS sensitivity to HONO in high-temperature environments; (4) NOy budget closure was demonstrated for all flights within the combined instrument uncertainties of 25 %. However, we used a fluid dynamic flow model to estimate that average pNO3 sampling fraction through the NOy inlet in smoke was variable from one flight to another and ranged between 0.36 and 0.99, meaning that approximately 0 %–24 % on average of the total measured NOy in smoke may have been unaccounted for and may be due to unmeasured species such as organic nitrates; (5) CO measurements by ICOS and TDLAS agreed well within combined instrument uncertainties, but with a systematic offset that averaged 2.87 ppbv; and (6) integrating smoke plumes followed by fitting the integrated values of each plume improved the correlation between independent measurements.
